The Musculoskeletal System
What are the functions of the skeleton
Protection, support,movement
what are the parts of the axial skeleton
skull vertebrae ribs
what are the bones in the appendicular skeleton
Appendicular skeleton: arms (humorous, radius ulna) legs (femur, tibia fibula patella) including pectoral girdle (shoulder-clavicle and scapula), pelvic girdle (hips) and their attached limbs – arms and legs
how many bones in the body
206
List the 3 abnormal curvatures of the spine
kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis
What are the function of the muscular system
Movement, protection, Posture
Give an example of a ball and socket joint
Shoulder, hip
What is the disease that causes inflammation of the joints, is an autoimmune disease and is diagnosed in younger people (35-40 year olds) with the first symptoms of pain occurring in the phalanges.
rheumatoid arthritis
when a baby is born, they have "soft spots" what is this? and what is the medical term for these.
parietal frontal and occipital bones are not fused together yet therefore the baby's skull is soft in those areas, called fontanelles.
Where are immovable joints?
What is the medical term for them
the skull – sutures
Explain Atrophy and contracture
atrophy is the wasting away of a muscle due to non use. Contracture is when the muscles shrink and the two bones come together.
a permanent shortening (as of muscle, tendon, or scar tissue) producing deformity or distortion
List 3 muscles that can be used for IM injections such as a flu shot (point to them)
deltoid
gluteus maximus
quad muscles/thigh (rectus femoris)
Surprise! you get the points for great teamwork and good sportsmanship
what is the ends of the bones called (be specific give 2 answers)
distal Epiphysis
Proximal epiphysis
skeletal, smooth, cardiac
What are the 4 types of ROM exercises
ANd which one can only a DPT (Physical Therapist do)
Active ROM
Active assist ROM
Passive ROM
resistive ROM*
What is Osteoporosis and what is the #1 risk factor
Decrease in bone density Holes in the bones
post-menopausal women
What is the disease that older people get that cause inflammation of the joints and the pain is worse in the mornings
Osteoarthritis
what is Diaphysis
is shaft of bone
Crutches- name the 5 types of gaits
2 point 4 point- 3 point- swing to swing through
Where are red blood cells produced?
(Hematopoiesis)
in the Red bone marrow of bone
3 types of vertebrae and how many of each
Cervical: 7
Thoracic: 12
Lumbar –5
How to prevent osteoarthritis? Give top 3
maintaining a healthy weight, exercise & avoiding activities that cause joint damage
This group of inherited disease lead to chronic progressive muscle atrophy.
Muscular dystrophy
simple- compound-depressed-spiral-impact-
simple- break of bone not skin
compound- bone breaks and comes through skin
depressed- usually skull trama
impact 2 bones impacting each other