The Musculoskeletal System
What are the functions of the skeleton
Protect, support,movement
where is the axial skeleton
skull vertebrae ribs
where is appendicular skeleton
Appendicular skeleton: along the sides of the body including pectoral girdle (shoulder), pelvic girdle (hips) and their attached limbs – arms and legs
how many bones in the body
206
Example of an immovable joint
skull
Example of synovial joints
Hinge joints, ball and socket joint
What does synovial fluid do?
lubricant reducing friction & as shock absorber during movement
build up bone
what is osteoclasts
they break down bone
What are immovable joints?
Immovable joints: fused – eg the skull – bones are fused and cannot move.
What is a ligament
Join bone to bone
rings of cartilage
what are the rings of cartilage function
act as shock absorbers.
what is the is final portion of each end of bone
Epiphysis is final portion of each end of bone
What is a tendon?
Join muscle to bone
What are antagonistic muscles?
pairs of muscles acting against each other to produce movement in opposite directions e.g. biceps & triceps
why is Osteoporosis more common in women
Cause: reduced levels of oestrogen (menopause)
Arthritis
what is Diaphysis
is shaft of bone between growth plates.
What do biceps do in the antagontisc pairs do?
Biceps (front of upper arm) contracts to flex the arm and stretches the relaxed triceps at the back of arm
What do triceps do in the antagonist pairs do?
Triceps contracts to straighten the arm & this pulls the relaxed bicep muscle back to its original length
5 parts of the spine
Cervical:
Thoracic:
Lumbar –
Sacrum –
Coccyx –
How to prevent arthritis?
maintaining a healthy weight, exercise & avoiding activities that cause joint damage
How to prevent osteoporosis?
Prevention: diet high in calcium
2 types of bone tissue
compact bone and spongy bone