Organization of the Nervous System
The Nervous System is broken down into what 2 main divisions?
Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
When a neuron is at rest, what charge does it have inside the membrane?
a negative charge
What is the role of a neuron?
transmit messages through the body
List the four lobes of the brain
The closer to the spinal chord, the more ____ the functions.
Basic
What part of the Nervous System is responsible for involuntary functions?
The Autonomic Nervous System
What is the term to describe the movement of Na+ into the membrane?
Depolarization
What part of a neuron is responsible for conducting impulses toward the cell body?
Dendrites
What are the 4 main parts of the brain?
the cerebral hemispheres, the diencephalon, the cerebellum, and the brain stem.
Which part of the brain is responsible for maintaining homeostasis (regulates metabolism, water balance, body temperature, etc.)
Hypothalamus
List the three main types of neurons in the PNS
Sensory (afferent) Neurons, Interneurons, and Motor (efferent) Neurons
What is the role of Ca+2 in a neuron?
It causes the vesicles to fuse with the membrane at the axon terminal and release neurotransmitters
What is the difference between a neuron and a nerve?
a neuron is a nerve cell, a nerve is a bundle of neuron fibers
What are the three parts of the Brain Stem?
What is the function of the corpus callosum?
What are the 3 main functions of the Nervous System as a whole?
How many Na+ and K+ can be transported at a time using the sodium-potassium pump?
three sodium and two potassium
The myelin sheath is formed by what type of cells?
Schwann Cells
What are the major structures of the diencephalon?
the thalamus, the hypothalamus, and the epithalamus
What function does the blood brain barrier have?
Excludes many potentially harmful substances (urea, toxins, proteins, etc.) but is useless against some substances like alcohol and nicotine.
Explain the role of the Parasympathetic Division
Maintains daily necessary body functions and controls involuntary activities when the body is at rest (also known as the "housekeeping" division)
What happens to neurotransmitters after they've done their job?
two things could happen; they can either be broken down by enzymes or taken back to the axon terminal and repackaged
What is a gap in the myelin sheath called?
Node of Ranvier
What are basal nuclei (basal ganglia)?
several "islands" of gray matter buried deep within the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres
What part of the brain is responsible for making cerebrospinal fluid?
the choroid plexuses