the basics
what are the three general functions of the nervous system
1. monitors internal and external environments
2. integrates sensory information
3. coordinates responses of other organ systems
what are the three meningeal layers from the inside out
a basic unit of the nervous system (nerve cell)
what are the 4 qualifications for neurotransmitters
1. produced within a neuron
2. when a neuron is stimulated, it must release the chemical
3. when chemical is released, it must act on a post-synaptic receptor and cause a biological effect
4. after chemical is released, it must be inactivated
what is action potential
what nerve cells use to transmit information
the PNS is divided into two sections, what is the different between these sections
afferent brings sensory information to the CNS
efferent carries motor commands to muscles and glands
what is the function of the meninges
to protect the CNS
what are the two types of motor neurons
somatic which is skeletal muscle and visceral which is more internal and covers smooth, cardiac, and glands
what is a neurotransmitter
chemicals that are used to relay, modulate, and amplify signals between a neuron and another cell
what ions go in and out of the cell
sodium goes in, potassium goes out
the efferent division is divided into two sections, what is the difference between these two
somatic is voluntary control of skeletal muscles
autonomic is involuntary regulation of smooth, cardiac, and glands (autonomic is automatic)
what is the BBB (blood brain barrier)
a tightly locked layer of cells that defend the brain from harmful substances
what are the three types of sensory neurons
exteroceptors monitor external environments
proprioceptors monitor posture
interoceptors monitor internal environments
what do noreprinphrine, glutamate, GABA do
norepinephrine - attention and focus
glutamate(excitablitiy) and GABA(rest) - control how well messages are sent around the brain
what are the three factors of axon speed
myelinated v unmyelinated
diameter size
temperature
the autonomic nervous system is divided into two sections, what is the difference between these sections
sympathetic stimulates metabolism, alertness readies body for emergencies (fight or flight)
parasympathetic conserves energy and promotes sedentary(somewhat inactive) activities (rest and digest)
what are endothelium cells
form the BBB
what are neuroglia
glia cells responsible for regulation, support, and helping neurons communicate
what is the purpose of CSF
protection, buoyancy, excretion of waste, endocrine medium
what are the charges at rest
-70mV
do all neurons look the same
NO
there are unipolar, bipolar and multipolar neurons
what can and cannot get through the BBB
CAN: lipid solubles, small molecules
CANNOT: large molecules and water solubles
what are the five types of neuroglia
oligodendrocytes - creates myelin coating to speed up impulse (CNS and covers MULTIPLE)
astrocytes - keeps neurons healthy (largest)
microglia - clean up crew (smallest)
ependymal - circulates CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)
schwann - in the PNS covers axons with myelin sheath around ONE axon
where can you find CSF
in the central ventricle and inside the spine
what are the charges at the peak
+30mV