Cranial Nerves
What are cranial nerves?
A set of 12 paired nerves that originate in the brain & go to the nose, head, face, & torso.
Receptors in the skin tell the brain information about the environment on or around the body. What type of input is this called?
Sensory input
What are the cells of the CNS held together with, otherwise known as nerve glue.
Neuroglia or Glia
Which faster a reflex or a regular nerve impulse?
Reflex
What kind of cells wrap their flat extensions tightly nerve fibers to produce fatty insulating covers called
__________ ___________.
Myelin Sheaths
x5
Out of the 12 cranial nerves, how many are involved in sight and in the movement of the eyes?
Five of them X4
Sensory input helps the brain to activate ____ in order to produce a _____.
1. muscles
2. effect or response
What is the name of the abundant star-shaped cells that account for nearly half of the nerve tissue?
Astrocytes
What is a reflex?
A rapid involuntary response to stimuli.
What is the autonomic nervous system?
A system that regulates the automatic (involuntary) activity such as the activity of smooth and cardiac muscles and also glands.
What does cranial nerve #5 do?
It sends touch, pain, & temperature from the face to the brain (gentle wind on face, sunburn, etc.).
What is the name for the brain and and spinal cord in the nervous system?
Central Nervous System or CNS
What are the spider-like phagocytes that monitor the health of nearby neurons and dispose debris, including dead cells and bacteria called?
Microglia
What is another name for action potential?
Nerve impulse
Which part of the body stimulates the nervous system and what inhibits the nervous system?
Sympathetic Nervous Sysem stimulates
Parasympathetic Nervous System inhibits
2x
What is the number of the cranial nerve that controls swallowing and vocal cords, heart rate, breathing rate, GI tract mvt & secretions (stomach acid, bile, digestive enzymes, etc.), blood pressure, taste in the extreme back of throat (think pill aftertaste), & all abdominal organs talk to the brain via vagus nerve.(60% of the time)
The Vagus nerve which is cranial nerve #10.
What type of nervous system called that includes the cranial nerves and nerves that originate from the spine and go to the body?
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) x2
What are Scwann cells, and where are they located?
They are cells that form the myelin sheath around the nerves.
Why did you see when you tried to say the alphabet backwards in the lab when you were trying to catch the ruler?
Saying the alphabet backwards while trying to catch a ruler slows your reaction time down.
What is the somatic nervous system?
Allows us voluntarily control our skeletal muscles. (is not working with a reflex-- only what we can control)
Which cranial nerve controls the mvt of the tongue for manipulating food and for forming words?
Cranial nerve XII
What does the somatic nervous system do for us?
Allows us to consciously, or voluntarily, to control our muscles.
Define gray matter and white matter.
White matter consists of dense collections of myelinated nerves in the brain.
Gray matter consists mostly unmyelianated nerve fibers and cell bodies in the brain.
Inactive nerves have fewer ions sitting on the inner face of the neuron's plasma membrane are ______.
Polarized
What do all neurons have in common?
Cell bodies, nuclei, organelles, and projections