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Franklin D. Roosevelt
Definitions
First New Deal
Second New Deal
Miscellaneous
100
What was the main difference between Hoover and Roosevelt?
Roosevelt was not opposed to directly helping the people. He did just that through the distribution of doles and other programs.
100
What is a dole?
A director handout; money given out by the government to those who require financial assistance.
100
The First New Deal was primarily put into action in what year?
1933
100
In what year did the Second New Deal begin and what prompted it?
The Second New Deal began in 1935, in response to opposition of the First New Deal.
100
Where did Roosevelt seek therapy for his polio-induced paralysis?
Warm Springs, Georgia
200
What was it about FDR that made him so popular?
Aside from not being Hoover or a Republic, he maintained an extremely positive and optimistic attitude. He strongly encouraged the American people and boosted their morale through his fireside chats.
200
What was the Dust Bowl?
A period of drought and severe dust storms in the Midwest that further worsened the farmers' plight.
200
What was Roosevelt's very first act as president?
The "bank holidays," or the Emergency Banking Relief Act, in which banks were shut down and not reopened until the government had determined they were trustworthy and ready to function again.
200
Name the three strongest threats to the New Deal.
Father Charles E. Coughlin, Huey Long, and Dr. Francis Townshend.
200
What is the significance of the First 100 Days?
They show whether the president keeps his promises and what kind of impact he has.
300
In spite of certain biases Roosevelt had, what decision regarding his Cabinet marked a breakthrough in politics and equality? (needs to be specific)
The appointment of Frances Perkins as Secretary of Labor, the first woman to be a member of the president's Cabinet.
300
What is foreclosure?
The process by which a lender takes back a property on which the loan has defaulted.
300
What did the Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act create and what was the purpose of this?
It created the Federal Insurance Deposit Corporation to protect savings deposits.
300
List at least four Second New Deal agencies or pieces of legislation.
Indian Reorganization Act Works Progress Administration National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) Social Security Act Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act United States Housing Authority Second Agricultural Adjustment Act Fair Labor Standards Act Farm Credit Act Farm Security Administration
300
Explain the difference between relief, recovery, and reform.
Relief is intended to have an immediate impact. Recovery focuses on the long-term impact, mostly by improving national infrastructure. Reform targeted banking and financing to restore public confidence in both and rid them of corruption and risky practices.
400
True or false: During World War II, Roosevelt put aside any personal prejudices and granted a boat of Jews asylum in the United Sates.
FALSE: Roosevelt did not accept the St. Louis, forcing hundreds of Jews to seek refuge elsewhere.
400
What was the "Brain Trust"?
A group of academic advisors and experts that surrounded Roosevelt.
400
List at least six New Deal agencies or pieces of legislation. (full names)
Emergency Banking Relief Act Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Civilian Conservation Corps Federal Emergency Relief Administration Agricultural Adjustment Administration Tennessee Valley Authority National Industry Recovery Act National Recovery Administration Public Works Administration
400
What was the purpose of the Indian Reorganization Act?
It promoted tribal organization and granted federal recognition to tribal governments. It also reversed the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 by stating that only individual Native Americans, not tribal councils, could own land.
400
What was significant about the election of 1936?
Roosevelt defeated the Republican Alf Landon in the largest landslide victory since 1820. He won 98.49% of the electoral votes (all but eight) and all 60.8% of the popular vote, the second largest percentage since 1920. His victory was also due in part to the shift of African American votes to the Democratic Party for the first time since Abraham Lincoln.
500
Where was Roosevelt born and where is he buried?
Hyde Park, New York.
500
What is pump priming?
Deficit spending: spending money raised by borrowing; used by governments to stimulate their economy.
500
Explain the purposes of the Tennessee Valley Authority, the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, and the National Industry Recovery Act.
Tennessee Valley Authority -reduce unemployment -constructed dams and hydroelectric power plants -created cheap source of electricity Agricultural Adjustment Administration -reset prices for farm commodities -subsidized farmers to reduce production -paid farmers to plant less or destroy a surplus to control prices National Industry Recovery Act -stimulated production and improved competition -limited production to drive up prices -set up the National Recovery Administration and Public Works Administration
500
Explain the views and ideas of the New Deal's three biggest enemies.
Father Charles Coughlin was a priest that held weekly radio broadcasts, calling the New Deal a "raw deal." Huey Long wanted to "Share the Wealth" by confiscating property from the wealthy. He wanted American families to be guaranteed $2,000, homes, and free college educations. Dr. Francis Townshend wanted the government to create a $200 monthly pension for citizens over 6o. They would be required to spend it in 30 days, which would stimulate the economy.
500
What was the court packing scheme?
The Judiciary Reorganization Bill of 1937 would have allowed Roosevelt to add up to six additional Supreme Court Justices. He thought the Court was not supportive of the New Deal because they had ruled some New Deal legislation unconstitutional. This bill would allow Roosevelt to hand-pick Justices who would better serve his agenda. In the end, it become unnecessary, but it slightly tarnished Roosevelt's reputation.