Carbohydrates
What are Carbohydrates?
This macronutrient provides 4 calories per gram and is the body’s preferred energy source.
What is Protein?
The macronutrient that helps build and repair body tissues and muscles
What are grains?
Grains are seeds from cereal plants like wheat, rice, and oats that are used as staple foods and provide carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins, and minerals.
What are Lipids
Lipids are fatty compounds that perform a variety of functions in the body.
What are vitamins?
Vitamins contribute no energy to the body but facilitate body processes and are vital for life.
What is fructose?
Sweetest of Sugars naturally occurring in fruits, honey and part of table sugar.
What are amino acids?
Protein is made up of these smaller building blocks.
What is then bran?
This part of the grain provides most of the fiber and helps keep digestion regular
What are trans fatty acids?
A harmful type of unsaturated fat created when vegetable oils are processed through hydrogenation to become solid at room temperature
What is bioavailability?
Amount absorbed and used by the body.
What are disaccharides?
All disaccharides have glucose as one of the single sugars, combined with a second.
What is pepsin?
This enzyme in the stomach starts the breakdown of protein molecules
What is the germ?
This part of the grain contains healthy fats and vitamins.
What are the three types of fatty acids?
Saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids
What are the characteristics of water-soluble vitamins?
Water-soluble vitamins have minimal storage by the body, deficiencies quick to develop, and usually low risk of toxicity.
What is the goal of digestion and absorption of sugars and starches?
They break down into small molecules that body can absorb, and use and break down poly- and disaccharides into glucose.
What is denaturation?
This happens to proteins when exposed to heat, acids, or agitation, causing them to unfold
Diets high in whole grains are linked to lower risk of this chronic disease
Heart disease
What are essential fatty acids?
These fatty acids must be obtained through diet because the body cannot make them.
What are the properties of fat-soluble vitamins?
Dissolves in lipid, absorbed in the small intestine, leaves the small intestine in chylomicrons, stored in tissue, toxicity possible when consumed in excess.
What is glycogen molecule?
it contains hundreds of glucose units in highly branched chains.
What is the side group (R-group)?
Amino acids share a common backbone but differ because of this component that changes their size, shape, and charge.
What is dietary fiber?
the indigestible portion of plant-based foods that the body cannot break down.
What is a monounsaturated fatty acid?
Healthy dietary fats containing a single carbon-carbon double bond in their structure
What is the difference between enrichment and fortification?
Enriched — nutrients that were lost during food processing have been added back.
Fortified — vitamins or minerals have been added to a food that weren’t originally in the food.