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Physical Properties
Chemical Properties
Patterns in the Periodic Table
Elements
Families of Elements
100
Define Physical Property
A property of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance.
100
Define Chemical property
A property of a substance that describes its ability to change into another (different) substance.
100
What Scientist is responsible for organizing the elements into a table of increasing atomic mass?
Mendeleev
100
Identify 4 pieces of information that are given in a periodic table square.
Atomic number, atomic mass, symbol, chemical name
100
What family of elements tend to avoid making chemical bonds? Why?
Noble Gases already have 8 electrons in the outer shell and therefore don't bond.
200
Identify 2 physical properties of transition metals
Hard, Shiny, Ductile, Malleable, Conducts electricity well
200
Identify one chemical property of Xenon.
It is stable, as it has 8 valence electrons.
200
According to periodic law, elements are organized by increasing _____________ ______________.
atomic number
200
What is an isotope?
An element with the same number of protons and electrons, but a different number of neutrons.
200
What family of elements has 7 valence electrons?
The Halogens
300
Identify 3 physical properties of non-metals
Brittle, dull, don't conduct electricity well, many are gasses at room temperature.
300
Which element on the periodic table would likely have the highest reactivity to water?
Francium
300
Moving from left to right across a period, elements have more or less valence electrons?
More
300
What is the average atomic mass of carbon?
12
300
What family(ies) of elements contain non-metals, metalloids, and metals?
The Carbon Family and Nitrogen Family
400
What metal is at a liquid state at room temperature? Give its name and symbol.
Mercury, Hg
400
Hydrogen is highly reactive. Explain.
Hydrogen has only 1 valence electron, and therefore wants to give it to another atom.
400
Moving from top to bottom in a family, atoms of elements tend to get ___________________. (list 2 things that could make this an accurate statement)
Possible answers: Heavier, Larger, More reactive
400
How many electrons does C-14 have?
6
400
What family of elements is the most reactive? Why?
The Alkali metals, because they have 1 valence electron.
500
The noble gases tend to have (higher/lower) melting points and boiling points compared to water.
Lower
500
The Hindenburg was a zeppelin (blimp) that was designed to transport passengers much like an airplane. However, upon landing, it caught fire and exploded. The Hindenburg used hydrogen gas (H2). Explain in thorough detail WHY this was a poor idea AND what other (safer) element could have been used for the same purposes.
The hydrogen atoms readily combined with other elements by donating an electron, and therefore caused a large fire (as the chemical reaction released energy). Helium would have been a safer alternative, as it is a noble gas (not likely to bond with other elements), and is still lighter than air.
500
Moving from left to right across a period, elements tend to start by (giving/receiving/sharing) electrons (left side), and tend to (give/receive/share) electrons on the right side.
Electrons are generally given on the left side, and gained on the right side.
500
How many neutrons does K-39 have?
20
500
What family of elements is the most reactive? Why? What is the most reactive element in this family?
Alkali Metals, they have only 1 valence electron that they want to give. Francium is the most reactive element in this family.