Sensory Receptors
Which sensory receptors respond to stretch in skeletal muscles, tendons, joints, and the coverings of bones/muscles?
Proprioceptrs
Describe how receptors transform different stimuli and code the information so that it can be sent to the CNS
Receptor level, circuit level, and perceptual level
List the spinal meninges.
Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater
What is the only cranial nerve that leaves the head and neck region?
Vagus nerve (both)
This type of spinal cord damage is loss of motor function.
Paralysis
What kind of sensory receptors would be located in the retina of the eye?
Photoreceptors
What is the role of first-order neurons?
To transmit signals from sensory receptors to the spinal cord or second-order neurons in the CNS
What is the function of the dorsal root? What is the function of the ventral root? What do they make up?
Dorsal roots bring sensory inputs to the spinal cord. Ventral roots are motor neurons that leave/exit the spinal cord. Together they make up spinal nerves!
Which cranial nerve controls the neck muscles?
Accessory nerve (motor)
This enlargement is part of the CNS and innervates the upper limbs.
What is the cervical enlargement?
If you stepped on a nail what sensory receptors would be activated?
Nociceptors
What is the role of second-order neurons?
They send impulses to third-order neurons in the thalamus
List all of the nerve plexuses.
Cervical plexus, brachial plexus, lumbar plexus, and sacral plexus
Which cranial nerve deals with chewing?
Trigeminal nerve
How does the brain detect a stronger stimulus?
Frequency of AP's
Which two sensory receptors deal with light touch?
Tactile (Merkel discs) and Hair follicle receptors
What is the role of third-order neurons?
To send signals from the thalamus to the appropriate region of the cortex
List an important nerve in each plexus.
Phrenic nerve, ulnar nerve, femoral nerve, and sciatic nerve
Which cranial nerve deals with vision?
Optic nerve (sensory)
Spinal nerves branch into __________
Ventral ramus, dorsal ramus, and meningeal branch
Large receptors that respond to deep pressure/vibration when it first happens and cuts off.
Lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscles
How does the brain interpret a stimulus (give one example)
Perceptual detection, magnitude estimation, spatial discrimination, feature abstraction, quality discrimination, and pattern recognition
What is the function of the spinal cord?
Communicates information between the brain and the rest of the body. Major reflex center.
Which cranial nerve deals with smell?
Olfactory nerve (sensory)
Why can't nerves in the CNS undergo repair?
Oligodendrocytes have growth inhibiting proteins and astrocytes form scar tissue.