The plant kingdom
What are the general characteristics of the plant kingdom?
They are multicelular, they have eukaryotic plant cells and autotrophic nutrition.
The name of the plant organs.
Roots, stem and leaves.
The name of the process the plant performs to create its own organic matter.
Photosynthesis
Difference between tropism and nastic movement.
A tropism is a permanent response and a nastic movement is a temporary response.
Sexual structure of plants.
Flower
How can you distinguish between gymnosperms and angiosperms?
In gymnosperms the seeds are inside cones and in angiosperms, inside fruits.
The name of the structure that protects the root.
Root cap.
Fluid made of the mixture of water and mineral salts.
Raw sap
What is the hydrotropism?
It is a permanent movement in which the roots grow towards the water.
Say both types of pollination.
By wind and by animals.
How are plants classified? Name the groups and subgroups.
Flowering plants and non-flowering plants.
Non-flowering plants are divided into mosses and liverworts and ferns.
Flowering plants are divided into gymnosperms and angiosperms.
How can we know if a stem carries out the photosynthesis?
If it is green (it has chlorophyll) it carries out the photosynthesis.
Name of the organelle that performs the photosynthesis and name of the organelle that performs the cellular respiration.
The photosynthesis is performed by the chloroplasts and the cellular respiration by the mitochondria.
Example of a plant with a photonasty.
Sunflower
What is the female part of the flower? Name its parts.
It is the pistil. It is divided into the stigma, the style and the ovary (that contains the ovules).
What is a vascular plant?
It has conducting tissue (or conducting vessels).
What is the name of the growing tissue present in the stem? Say the types and what they create.
They are the buds. There are two types: the apical bud and the axillary buds. The apical bud allows the plant to grow in length and the aillary buds develop into new branches.
Name of the conducting tissue that carries the raw sap and the name of the conducting tissue that carries the elaborated sap.
The xylem transports the raw sap and the phloem, the elaborated sap.
What type of response do the carnivorous plants have?
Seismonasty
How is the fertilization carried out?
When a pollen grain reaches the stigma, a pollen tube grows down the pistil to the ovule. The pollen grain travels down the tube and unites with the ovule.
Write three reasons that support the importance of plants on the Earth.
- They produce oxygen.
- They absorb carbon dioxide.
- They are the base of the food chains.
- They prevent the soil erosion.
Say three functions of the roots.
- They anchor the plant to the ground.
- They can store nutrients.
- They absorb water and mineral salts.
The formula of the photosynthesis.
Sunlight + CO2 + water and mineral salts --> organic matter + O2
Plant organ that presents positive geotropism.
Roots.
Say the different types of vegetative propagation.
Stolonsm tubers, bulbs and rhizomes.