Ireland in the 1500s
Who were the Gaelic Irish clans loyal to?
Their Chief
Mary I was Henry VIII's eldest daughter. (a) Who was her mother? + (b) Was she Catholic or Protestant?
(a) Catherine of Aragon
(b) Catholic
Towns and counties were renamed in the Laois-Offaly Plantation.
Laois became ……………………. .
Offaly became ………………….. .
Queen’s County and King’s county.
1. Hugh O'Neill and 2. Battle of Kinsale, 1601
What conflict erupts in the 20th century as a result of the divide between Catholics and Protestants?
The Troubles
Brehon law vs English Common law. Name one difference between these two systems.
Courts were now held in courthouses instead of the hillside. Divorces were forbidden. The English gave harsh jail sentences and allowed death by hanging.
When Henry died, he only had one son. Edward VI became king, but he didn’t last long.
(a) What age was he when he died? And (b) what illness did he die from?
(a) 15 years old (b) Tuberculosis
Name two reasons why the Tudors wanted to conquer Ireland fully.
1.Expand their territory - full control.
2.Spread English customs, culture and laws - Seen as superior to Gaelic Irish.
3.To spread their new religion.
4. Prevent Gaelic Irish forming alliances with other Catholic countries. - Ireland could offer itself as a base to attack England.
5.Save money in the long term - Planting settlers cheaper than paying soldiers protecting English already in Ireland.
6. Prevent further rebellions. - The Fitzgerald rebellion of 1534.
What did all three groups have to build to fulfill certain conditions for defence?
A Bawn (Stone wall)
The majority of settlers came from England and Scotland. What version of Protestantism did they follow?
England = Anglican
Scotland = Presbyterian.
What Gaelic Irish haircut was banned when England colonised Ireland?
The 'Glib' Haircut
Can you name all six of Henry VIII’s wives?
Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, Catherine Parr.
Can you name two things undertakers had to agree to do with the land?
Name the treaty which ended the war.
Treaty of Mellifont, 1603
Town life emerged as a cultural change. Give two features of the town OR town life.
Town:
Forests cleared and land divided into fields using hedges and ditches. Central square/diamond. Straight, wide streets.
Town life:
Markets every week.
English spoken as the language of trade, wealth and politics.
Henry VIII named himself …… of Ireland, but he had very little control over the countryside.
Lord
Henry VIII wanted to marry Anne Boleyn. Name the two reasons why Pope Clement VII REFUSED to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon.
(1) The Church would have to admit it was wrong to ever give permission.
(2) It would anger Catherine’s nephew, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.
Name the revolt which led to (a) Laois-Offaly Plantation (b) Munster Plantation
(a) O’Moores and O’Connors
(b) Desmond Rebellions
(1) Who were the three types of planters? (2) How much land was given to each group?
Undertakers = 2,000
Servitors = 1,500
'Loyal Irish' = 1,000
A new wealthy landlord class emerged. They were known as …………. ……………. .
Protestant Ascendancy
1. Can you name two famous Anglo-Irish families?
Or
2. From 1486, the king’s representative in Ireland came from an Anglo-Irish family. He was known as the …… ………… .
1. Butlers of Ormond and Fitzgeralds of Kildare
Or
2. Lord Deputy
Henry broke with the Catholic church as the Reformation was gaining momentum in Europe.
Name one act he passed to turn England Protestant.
Act of Supremacy: Made himself the head of the CHURCH
Act of Dissolution: Dissolved every monastery and nunnery in England and Wales.
Give two results of the Munster Plantation (Success or Failure)
The Crown had hoped for 20,000 settlers, but only 4,000 came;
land still had to be rented to the Gaelic Irish;
the Gaelic Irish continued to attack the plantations;
new towns such as Killarney, Lismore, Youghal, Mallow and Bandon were founded; new farming methods arrived;
tillage (crop farming) became widespread.
Give two results of the Ulster Plantation (Hint: Land and Cromwell)
•Increased influence of English law, language and farming methods in Ulster.
•High numbers of settlers made Ulster the most loyal plantation to the Crown.
•Protestant population increased.
•Over 20 new towns were founded. Well planned out and had markets.
•New religious division.
•Oliver Cromwell sent to avenge the massacre of 1641 and end the rebellion.
To keep Catholics from taking back political control, Protestants introduced ……….. ……..
Give two examples of what they forbade Catholics to do:
Penal Laws
1.
2.