Politics
What were political machines?
A “machine” used to control city governments to make a fortune.
What was the main goal for women reformers?
To gain the right to vote
What social class appealed to the movement?
The Middle-class
What were the Jim Crow laws?
Laws segregating blacks and whites. Ex; separate schools, public bathrooms, water fountains
What is a muckraker?
Writers and journalists who exposed the unfair practices of “Big Business”
What specific forms of political corruption, such as the spoils system and powerful political machines like Tammany Hall, did Progressives target?
Local, state, and national levels, primarily focusing on political machines and bosses.
What did Ida Wells bring awareness to?
The lynching of African Americans
What problems resulted in the Progressive movement?
Brutal working conditions, child labor, political corruption, inequalities of wealth, and the sale of dangerous products.
What is the NAACP?
This civil rights organization was founded in 1909 in response to racial violence and discrimination.
Who were the “Muckrackers” of the Progressive Era?
Upton Sinclair, Frank Norris, Jacob Riis, and Ida Tarbell
What was the impact of the 17th Amendment, which allowed for the direct election of U.S. Senators, on reducing corruption in the Senate?
It increased democratic accountability, reduced corruption, and altered federalism.
What were the effects of the National Woman Suffrage Association?
Several states gave voting rights to women.
What did Progressives believe about the government?
The oversight by the government was necessary to prevent the worst abuses of the new industrial age.
Who was W.E.B Du Bois?
He was a founding member of the NAACP and the first African American to earn a PhD from Harvard.
What was the result of Upton Sinclair’s novel The Jungle?
It led to the Meat Inspection Act
Why did some urban working people initially oppose the actions of Progressives against political machines, despite the corruption?
The “machines” provided essential, immediate welfare services and jobs that reformers did not.
What did Florence Kelley fight for?
Minimum wage and an eight-hour workday, and she opposed child labor and the conditions in sweatshops.
What did Progressives believe closed the door to individual opportunity?
The rise of Big Businesses, organized labor, and political machines.
What was the ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson?
The Supreme Court ruled “separate but equal.”
What did Jacob Rii’s book How the Other Half Lives expose?
The conditions of the urban poor.
What was the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory incident a result of?
The conditions of the working facility (no fire escapes)
What did Susan B. Anthony devote her life to?
Women’s suffrage
What were the Progressives appalled by?
Living conditions in the slums, child labor, poor schools, horrendous working conditions, and the selfishness of wealthy business owners.
What laws made it difficult for African Americans to vote?
Grandfather Clause, Literacy Tests, Poll Taxes, and the “White” Primaries
What did Ida Tarbell’s investigative journal reveal?
It revealed how Rockefeller’s success was largely based on ruthless business practices.