Important People
This man's 95 Theses started the Reformation
Martin Luther
These were sold to people, forgiving their sins and allowing them to get to heaven
Indulgences
This was how Lutherans got to heaven
Faith alone ("sola fide")
1518: Luther posts these on Halloween
The 95 Theses
More people learn to ____ because the Bible is in the vernacular
Read and write
This man founded a Protestant church that taught only the "elect" would go to heaven
John Calvin
This was published only in Latin, a language only the educated knew
The Bible
This was how Calvinists got to heaven
Predestination (God chose them before the beginning of time)
1521: Charles V calls Luther to this
The Diet of Worms
These rock Europe in the 1500s and 1600s
Wars of Religion
This man broke England from the Catholic Church after the Pope denied him a divorce
Henry VIII (the 8th)
Priests violated this, which required them to stay single and out of relationships their whole lives
Celibacy
The Bible should be published in this
The vernacular (spoken language of the people)
1531: Henry VIII divorces her
Catherine of Aragon
This replaced religious identity as the most important thing to many people
National identity
This man called the Diet of Worms to make Luther stand trial for his Protestant teachings
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V (the 5th)
The pope was considered this on matters of faith and morals, which clashed with Renaissance popes' behaviors
Infallible (always correct)
Calvin believed people were naturally
Sinful or bad
1534: The Act of Supremacy does this
Makes the English monarch head of the Church of England
English Calvinists leave because of their disgust for the still-too-Catholic Church of England and go
To the Americas
These are the Calvinist churches of Scotland, France, and England
Presbyterian, Huguenots, and Puritans
This was called to fix the issues within the Catholic Church
The Council of Trent
This should be the only authority in the church
The Bible ("sola scriptura")
1545-63: The Catholic Church holds this to solve its problems and address Protestantism
The Council of Trent
Questioning the Church and religious teachings leads to a new intellectual period called
The Enlightenment