The Reformation
What is the Protestant Reformation?
A movement to reform the Roman Catholic Church during the 1500's.
Define clerical ignorance.
Uneducated clergy. (Not knowing how to read or write)
What does the word schism mean?
To divide
What city did he live in?
Wittenberg, Germany
Who started the Reformation in England and why?
King Henry VIII because he needed a male heir to the throne.
What is an economic cause of the Reformation?
Taxes
Define clerical immorality.
Clergy members not practicing celibacy, or drinking, gambling, etc.
What does Purgatory mean?
Where you go (according to Catholic belief) after death to pay for your sins. Similar to limbo.
What act by Luther started the Protestant Reformation?
Luther hanging his 95 theses on the church door in Wittenberg.
What was the Peace of Augsburg? What did it allow for?
What invention was significant to the Protestant Reformation? AND who invented it?
The Printing Press. Johannes Gutenberg.
Indulgences
A monetary payment for sins, to gain salvation.
What life event led Luther to becoming a priest/monk?
What was one permanent change to Europe after the Peace of Augsburg?
Christianity did not apply to all people in Europe any longer.
What is a political cause of the Reformation?
Increased power
Who was John Tetzel? What did he preach? And what was he raising money for?
A German priest. Indulgences. Saint Peters Basilica (church)
At the _____________________ Luther was asked by the emperor to recant his 95 Theses.
Diet of Worms
What is Justification by Faith?
That one's faith in God was enough to earn salvation.
What is antisemitism? What sort of things did they endure in Europe?
Persecution of Jews. Lost jobs, forced to convert, burnt churches and homes down, forced to live in ghettos, they were the scapegoats, blamed for killing Jesus, etc.
What were the 2 social causes of the Reformation?
1. People were questioning the church (more)
2. The Printing Press
What are the 4 problems in the Roman Catholic Church?
1. Indulgences
2. Rules
3. Papal power
4. Inquisition
Define Protestant. What 3 main groups of Protestants did we talk about?
Protestants are people who went against the Roman Catholic Church. The 3 main groups are: Anglican, Calvinist, and Lutheran.
Luther publicly declared that the _______________did not give the Pope the exclusive right to interpret scripture.
Bible
What did King Henry call into session to get his divorce and his marriage to Anne Boleyn legalized? What exactly was it?
The Reformation Parliament. It was similar to our Congress where the representatives met and decided on certain laws.