Church Criticisms
This practice involved selling pardons from sins in exchange for financial donations to the Church.
What are indulgences?
This German monk posted his "95 Theses" in 1517, sparking the Protestant Reformation.
Who is Martin Luther?
Martin Luther believed this book, not Church tradition, should be the only source of religious authority.
What is the Bible?
Luther's belief that Christians are saved through this alone, not by performing good works.
What is faith?
Before Luther's 95 Theses in 1517, critics of the Church spent this much time (in years) planting seeds of reformation.
What is a century and a half (150 years)?
According to Dante, these Church officials were placed in the 8th circle of Hell for buying and selling pardons.
Who are simonists?
This Dutch scholar said "The egg was laid. Luther had but to incubate and hatch it."
Who is Erasmus?
Geoffrey Chaucer wrote this collection of stories told by pilgrims traveling to the Cathedral Archbishop Thomas Becket was murdered in.
What are The Canterbury Tales?
This invention helped spread reformation ideas quickly throughout Europe.
What is the printing press?
According to the documents, clergy were criticized for focusing on this worldly concern instead of spiritual matters.
What is wealth/money?
John Wycliffe accused the clergy of this sin that means excessive desire for wealth.
What is covetousness/greed?
This English scholar from the 1370s criticized the clergy for turning away from Christ's teachings.
Who is John Wycliffe?
In Dante's Divine Comedy, this section describes the author's journey through Hell.
What is The Inferno?
The technical term for the corrupt practice of buying and selling Church positions.
What is simony?
These fake religious objects that the Pardoner carried included "pigs' bones" and a "pillowcase" he claimed was holy.
What are relics?
This character in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales sold fake religious relics to make money.
Who is the Pardoner?
This Italian poet placed corrupt Church officials in the eighth circle of Hell in his famous work.
Who is Dante?
Erasmus wrote this 1508 work that gently criticized Church practices like pardons.
What is "The Praise of Folly"?
Translating the Bible into these everyday languages was revolutionary during the Reformation.
What are vernacular languages?
The Council of Trent was the Catholic Church's response to the Reformation, also known as this movement.
What is the Counter-Reformation?
According to Erasmus, people were fooling themselves by believing they could measure their time in this place using an hourglass.
What is purgatory?
This Pope authorized the sale of indulgences.
Who is Pope Leo X?
Luther's "95 Theses" were written in opposition to a specific practice authorized by Pope Leo X to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica.
What are indulgences?
Luther challenged the Church's teaching that the bread and wine in communion literally transform into Christ's body and blood.
What is transubstantiation?
In this city, Luther was a Professor of Theology when he posted his 95 Theses.
What is Wittenberg?