The Reformers
Martin Luther
Who was the German monk who wrote the 95 Theses?
Indulgences.
What were the "pardon-slips" sold by the Church that Luther claimed could not actually forgive sins?
The Council of Trent
What was the series of meetings called to reform the Catholic Church and stop the spread of Protestantism?
The Printing Press.
What invention by Johannes Gutenberg allowed Reformation ideas to spread rapidly?
The Thirty Years' War.
What massive 17th-century conflict began as a religious struggle and ended as a political one?
John Calvin.
Who founded a theocracy in Geneva and taught the doctrine of the Elect
The 95 Theses.
What was the name of the list of arguments Luther posted on the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg?
The Jesuits (Society of Jesus).
Which religious order was founded by Ignatius of Loyola to spread Catholicism through education?
The Vernacular.
What is the term for writing in the common language of the people, such as German or English, rather than Latin?
Literacy Rates.
What increased dramatically because Protestantism encouraged every person to read the Bible for themselves?
King Henry VIII
Which monarch broke from the Catholic Church because he wanted an annulment from Catherine of Aragon
Sola Scriptura
What is the Latin term for the belief that the Bible is the only source of religious truth?
The Inquisition.
What was the name of the Church court system used to find, try, and punish heretics?
Pamphlets/Broadsides.
What short, cheaply printed documents were used to spread Luther's ideas to the masses?
Religious Pluralism.
What is the term for a society where multiple different religious groups live and practice alongside one another?
Elizabeth I.
Which ruler established the Anglican Church as a "Middle Way" to find peace between Catholics and Protestants?
Predestination
What is the belief that God long ago determined who would gain salvation?
index of Forbidden Books.
What was the list of published works that Catholics were prohibited from reading to prevent "heretical" thoughts?
The Bible.
What specific book became a bestseller and the most widely owned item in European households due to the printing press?
Public Education.
What social system began to grow because Reformers believed the state should help children learn to read?
The Act of Supremacy
What 1534 law formally made the British monarch the head of the Church of England?
Priesthood of All Believers.
What doctrine argued that every Christian had a direct relationship with God and did not need a priest to interpret the Bible?
Reaffirmation.
While the Church fixed corruption, what did they do regarding their core beliefs like the Seven Sacraments and the Pope's authority?
Mass Production.
What process lowered the cost of books, making education and literacy accessible to the poor for the first time?
Individualism.
The Reformation’s focus on personal faith helped lead to what modern concept where people are responsible for their own thoughts and rights?