Red Scare Vocab.
Red Scare
The time of when the United States was in fear of revolution inspired by communism, and bolshevism
One Immediate cause
The increase in subversive actions on foreign and leftist elements in the United States, especially militant followers of Luigi Galleani.
Luigi Galleani
Known for his enthusiastic advocacy of “propaganda of the deed”
Where were they executed
Charlestown State Prison
Bolshevism
Is a revolutionary Marxist current of political thought and political regime associated with the formation of a rigidly centralized, cohesive and disciplined party of social revolution, focused on overthrowing the existing capitalist state system
Threat of a Communist Inspired Revolution
The United States became the overriding explanation for challenges to the social order for such largely unrelated events as incidents of interracial violence during the red summer of 1919.
Sacco and Vanzetti
Sacco was a shoemaker and a night watchman, born April 22, 1891, in Torremaggiore, Province of Foggia, Apulia region (in Italian: Puglia), Italy, who migrated to the United States at the age of seventeen. Before immigrating, according to a letter he sent while imprisoned, Sacco worked on his father's vineyard, often sleeping out in the field at night to prevent animals from destroying the crops. Vanzetti was a fishmonger born June 11, 1888, in Villafalletto, Province of Cuneo, Piedmont region. Both left Italy for the US in 1908, although they did not meet until a 1917 strike.
Who did governor Alvan T. Fuller appoint to investigate the case?
Subversive
Seeking or intended to subvert an established system or institution.
Strikes Called
Strikers paralyzed the city's normal activities, like streetcar service, schools, and ordinary commerce, while their General Strike Committee maintained order and provided essential services, like trash collection and milk deliveries.
J. Edgar Hoover
An American law enforcement administrator who served as the first Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) of the United States.
Sacco and Vanzetti Case
Sacco and Vanzetti were two Italian immigrant anarchists who were erroneously convicted of murdering a guard and a paymaster during the April 15, 1920, armed robbery of the Slater and Morrill Shoe Company in Braintree, Massachusetts, United States. Seven years later, they were electrocuted in the electric chair at Charlestown State Prison.
Propaganda of the Deed
The use of violence to eliminate those that are viewed as tyrants and/or oppressors and to act as a catalyst to the overthrow of existing government institutions.
Palmer Raids
Series of raids conducted in November 1919 and January 1920 during the First Red Scare by the United States Department of Justice under the administration of President Woodrow Wilson to capture and arrest suspected leftists, mostly Italian and Eastern European immigrants and especially anarchists and communists, and deport them from the United States.
A. Mitchell Palmer
Was the United States Attorney General from 1919 to 1921. He is best known for overseeing the Palmer Raids during the Red Scare of 1919–20. He became a member of the Democratic Party and won election to the United States House of Representatives, serving from 1909 to 1915.
Sacco and Vanzetti's conviction
Two Italian immigrant anarchists who were erroneously convicted of murdering a guard and a paymaster during the April 15, 1920, armed robbery of the Slater and Morrill Shoe Company in Braintree, Massachusetts, United States.
The Haymarket Affair
The aftermath of a bombing that took place at a labor demonstration on May 4, 1886, at Haymarket Square in Chicago.
The Mail Bombs
In late April 1919, approximately 36 booby trap bombs were mailed to prominent politicians, including the Attorney General of the United States, judges, businessmen (including John D. Rockefeller), and a Bureau of Investigation field agent, R.W. Finch, who happened to be investigating the Galleanist organization.
President Woodrow Wilson
Was an American politician and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921. A member of the Democratic Party, Wilson served as the president of Princeton University and as the 34th governor of New Jersey before winning the 1912 presidential election.
Sacco and Vanzetti's execution
After weeks of secret deliberation that included interviews with the judge, lawyers, and several witnesses, the commission upheld the verdict. Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in the electric chair just after midnight on August 23, 1927.