Vocabulary
A religious movement of the 16th century that resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.
What is the Reformation?
Rebels against Pope's authority.
Who are the Lutherans?
Wrote the 95 Thesis, posted in 1517, which led to religious reform in Germany, and denied papal power and absolutist rule. Claimed there were only 2 sacraments: baptism and communion.
Who was Martin Luther?
Spanish court that wanted to find and punish those guilty of heresy.
What was the Spanish Inquisition?
To reduce to nothing; to say a marriage never happened.
What is annul?
A forgiveness of sins in exchange for money.
What are Indulgences?
Sold indulgences and believed that priests should transmit the Word of God.
Who are Catholics?
He agreed with Luther that faith alone brought salvation, but added the ideas that God decides the outcome of all events in the universe and that the church should choose the clergy.
Who was John Calvin?
A huge fleet of ships sent to invade England.
What was the Spanish Armada?
Believes everyone should read the Scriptures themselves.
Who are Lutherans and Calvinists? (Protestants)
A final "cleaning" of imperfection before entering heaven
What is Purgatory?
Believes in predestination and that church members should choose the clergy.
Who are Calvinists?
Wanted to unite their kingdoms under Catholic rule and put the Spanish Inquisition into place.
Who was King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella?
Order that said Catholicism was the official religion of France, but allowed Huguenots (Protestants) to practice freely.
What was the Edict of Nantes?
Act that made the king head of the new Church of England.
What was that Act of Supremacy?
Arguments written by Martin Luther against the Catholic church. They were posted on October 31, 1517.
What are the 95 Theses?
A member or follower of a Christian church founded on the principles of the Reformation.
Who are the Protestants?
Put the Act of Supremacy into place that put him as the head of the church and was known for having six wives.
Who was Henry VIII?
Treaty signed to end the fighting between Charles V and Lutheran Rulers. Claimed that each German ruler—whether Catholic or Lutheran—could decide the religion of his people.
What was the Peace of Augsburg?
Efforts by the Catholics to improve their Church and to stop the spread of Protestant ideas
What was the Catholic Reformation?
Split that occurred in the Catholic Church with two Popes, one in France and the other in Italy. This split caused many to question the Church's authority.
What was the Great (Western) Schism?
Wanted to purify or cleanse the Anglican church.
Who are the Puritans?
England became the leading Protestant power in Europe under her rule. She won the English respect throughout Europe as defenders of the Protestant faith after the defeat of the Spanish Armada.
Who was Queen Elizabeth I?
The most violent religious war of the Reformation period fought in the Holy Roman Empire in the early 1600s.
Restored the Catholic Church in England. And arrested and burned Protestants at the stake who opposed her.
Who was Bloody Mary?