Reformation Figures
He devised the printing press and used his press to reproduce the first printed copies of the Bible.
Who was Johannes Gutenberg?
This was the name of movement that divided the church and led to the creation of Protestant churches.
What was the Reformation?
A system of religious beliefs
What is theology?
This Polish astronomer theorized that the Earth revolved around the sun.
Luther nailed this to the door of Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany.
What is his 95 theses?
This French scholar wrote his theology in The Institutes of the Christian Religion. His ideas rapidly spread. He believed in the godly authority of civil rulers and established his own government in Geneva.
Who was John Calvin?
What is a heretic?
These two developments were combined to create the printing press.
What is moveable type and the screw-and-lever press?
This scientist was forced to recant his work or face punishment by the church.
Who is Galileo Galilei?
In 1455, Gutenberg manufactured the first copies of this very important book.
What is the Bible?
This Swiss reformer opposed all church practices and sacraments that were not based on scripture. He disagreed with Luther on the role of the church in peoples' lives. He died in battle against Swiss Catholics.
Who was Ulrich Zwingli?
A group of people, organizations, or countries that join together for a common cause
What is a confederacy?
This word means an idea or opinion.
What is thesis? The plural form is theses.
The innovation of this scientific device helped Galileo prove the Copernican view of the universe.
What is Galileo's telescope?
Luther translated the Bible into this language and made it possible for common people to read and interpret the book for themselves.
What is German?
This English king rebelled when the pope refused to annul his marriage. He was excommunicated and established the Church of England and placed himself at its head.
Who was King Henry VIII?
A reform movement beginning with and coming from ordinary people
What is a grassroots movement?
This is the Calvinist idea that a person's actions and fate are decided ahead of time by God.
What is predestination?
This was the commonly held view of the universe that was shared by the Catholic church.
What is the view that the Earth was the immovable center of the universe?
In this book Calvin discussed his views on religious beliefs and practices.
What is The Institutes of the Christian Religion?
This person started the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) and taught the importance of loyalty to the pope, doing good works, and educating the young.
Who was Ignatius of Loyola?
This movement was the Catholic Church's response to the spread of Protestantism.
What as the Counter-Reformation?
These are the three ways the printing press impacted society during the Reformation.
What are the spread of information, an increase in literacy, and the standardization of texts.
This is the reason why the Catholic church opposed Galileo's ideas on the universe.
What is the fact that they thought were contrary to the Bible and went against church teachings?
Who is Nicholas Copernicus?