Council of Trent
In what three major periods did the Council of Trent meet during the 16th century?
What are 1545–1547, 1551‑1552, and 1562‑1563?
Which English king was proclaimed ‘Defender of the Faith’ in 1521 but later broke with Rome?
Who is King Henry VIII?
In the Calvinist TULIP acronym, what does the ‘T’ stand for?
What is Total Depravity?
What name was given to French Protestants, primarily Calvinist, who formed a sizable minority during the Reformation?
Who are the Huguenots?
Which chief Huguenot leader’s assassination on August 22, 1572, triggered the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre?
Who was Gaspard II de Coligny?
What two sources did the Council of Trent affirm as authoritative for Christian doctrine?
What are Scripture and Church Tradition?
What did the 1534 Act of Supremacy declare regarding Henry VIII’s role in the church?
What is that the king (Henry VIII) is the head of the Church of England?
In TULIP, the ‘U’ stands for which doctrine asserting that God chooses those who will be saved?
What is Unconditional Election?
Which moderate faction in late‑16th‑century France valued state stability over religious allegiance and advocated compromise to preserve the state?
Who were the Politiques?
Which Protestant heir to the French throne survived the massacre and later became a key figure in ending the religious wars?
Who was Henry of Navarre (later Henry IV)?
Which Protestant formulation did the Council of Trent reject, and what did Trent teach about justification?
What are sola fide and justification as a grace received by faith and worked out in charity?
Under which English monarch did Protestantism take hold with clergy allowed to marry and communion offered to the laity?
Who was Edward VI?
In TULIP, the ‘L’ refers to which doctrine about the scope of Christ’s atoning sacrifice?
What is Limited Atonement?
What term refers to the teaching authority of the Roman Catholic Church listed by the Council of Trent as a source of authority?
What is the Magisterium?
Which ultra-Catholic noble family, including the Duke of Aumale and Duke of Guise, opposed the Huguenots and was implicated in planning the massacre?
Who were the Guise family?
Name two structural reforms the Council of Trent ordered to improve clerical standards in dioceses.
What are establishing seminaries to train priests and requiring bishops to reside in their dioceses, ending absenteeism and pluralism?
Which English queen, daughter of Catherine of Aragon, restored Catholicism and executed hundreds of Protestants?
Who was Mary I (Mary Tudor)?
Which point of Calvinism’s TULIP doctrine states that those whom God has elected cannot resist the call of grace?
What is Irresistible Grace?
What is the name of the religious order founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1540 that promoted education and missionary work during the Catholic Reformation?
Who are the Jesuits (the Society of Jesus)?
Who carried out the orders during the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, often pursuing personal vendettas and expanding the scope of the killings?
Who were local Catholic mobs and city officials?
How did the Council of Trent address the sacraments and Eucharist while reforming abuses?
What is reaffirming the seven sacraments and upholding the Real Presence (transubstantiation) while condemning indulgence abuses but preserving their corrected basis?
Which monarch established Anglicanism as a mix of Catholicism and Protestantism, allowed subjects to choose their version of Christianity, remained unmarried to maintain power, and presided over a realm where Catholicism was privately practiced?
Who was Queen Elizabeth I?
In the TULIP acronym, what does the ‘P’ stand for, referring to the belief that those elected by God will remain in faith until the end?
What is Perseverance of the Saints?
What term describes the practice of buying or selling ecclesiastical offices—a practice removed during the Catholic Reformation to increase priestly quality?
What is Simony?
To secure his rule and help end the French Wars of Religion, what significant religious change did Henry of Navarre make in 1593, famously saying ‘Paris is worth a Mass’?
He converted from Protestantism to Catholicism.