Printing & Knowledge
Who invented the movable-type printing press?
Johannes Gutenberg
What were indulgences?
The removal or reduction of punishment for sin.
What was the Protestant Reformation?
A movement to reform the Church that led to new Christian groups.
Who proposed that the Sun—not Earth—was the center of the solar system?
Copernicus
"Thesis" means what?
An idea or opinion.
What was the first and most famous book Gutenberg printed?
The Bible
What did Luther believe brought salvation?
God’s forgiveness through faith alone
On what idea did Zwingli and Luther agree?
The Bible is the highest authority.
Who improved on Copernicus’s work and faced trial for it?
Galileo Galilei
What does “convert” mean?
To change from one belief or religion to another.
How did Gutenberg’s invention affect Europe?
It made books cheaper and spread ideas quickly.
What did Luther post in Wittenberg in 1517?
The Ninety-five Theses
What Catholic council met to reform the Church and clarify its beliefs?
The Council of Trent
Why did the Church forbid Galileo to teach his ideas?
They were seen as contradicting Church teachings.
“Recant” means what?
To publicly take back something you have said or written.
What invention was key to spreading Reformation ideas?
The printing press
What was the meeting called where Luther refused to recant?
The Diet of Worms
Who founded the Jesuits?
Ignatius of Loyola
A visit to a church in Pisa led Galileo to study what scientific principle?
The pendulum
“Heresy” means what?
Ideas that go against the main teachings of a religion.
Which Reformation leader used printing to translate the Bible into German?
Martin Luther
What name was given to Luther’s followers who protested Church abuses?
Protestants
What organization sought to find and punish heretics?
The Inquisition
Who did not meet resistance from religious leaders for his work?
Johannes Gutenberg
“Scripture” refers to what?
Religious writings such as the Bible.