The Reformation

The Catholic Church

100

This person is the leader of the Roman Catholic Church.

Pope

200

This religious practice involved admitting sins to a priest and receiving forgiveness through the Church.

Confession

300

This term describes beliefs that go against the official teachings of the Catholic Church.

Heresy

400

This period involved the Pope and Catholic Church leadership moving from Rome to Avignon, France.

Avignon Papacy

500

This term describes the required financial contributions Christians gave to support the Catholic Church.

Tithes

The Protestant Reformation

100

This German monk challenged the Catholic Church in 1517.

Martin Luther

200

This Lutheran document contained many arguments criticizing the practices of the Catholic Church.

95 Theses

300

Luther wrote his famous writing criticizing the Church's sale of these items used to forgive people of sins. 

Indulgences

400

This term describes a Christian who belongs to a religious movement that separated from the Catholic Church.

Protestant

500

This invention helped spread Protestant ideas throughout Europe by making books and pamphlets easier and cheaper to produce.

Printing Press

Protestant Leaders & Beliefs

100

This Protestant reformer established a major religious movement in Geneva, Switzerland.

John Calvin

200

This religious belief teaches that God has already decided who will receive salvation.

Predestination

300

This Protestant denomination follows the religious teachings of John Calvin.

Calvinism

400

This is the city where John Calvin made his home during his time reviewing Church doctrine and writing his beliefs. 

Geneva

500

This English king broke away from the authority of the Pope after the Catholic Church refused to grant him an annulment.

Henry VIII

English Reformation

100

This Tudor king, also known as Henry VII, defeated Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485.

Henry Tudor

200

This church was established in England after Henry VIII separated from the Pope.

Church of England

300

This English queen attempted to restore Catholicism and persecuted Protestants.

Mary I

400

This English queen maintained a Protestant Church of England and established a lasting religious settlement.

Elizabeth I

500

This Tudor king ruled England from 1547 to 1553 and was the son of Henry VIII.

Edward VI

Religious Conflict and European Geography

100

This branch of Christianity is led by the Pope in Rome.

Catholic

200

This Spanish institution investigated and punished people suspected of secretly practicing religions other than Catholicism.

Spanish Inquisition

300

This term describes the mistreatment or punishment of people because of their religious beliefs.

Religious Persecution

400

This major European war lasted from 1618 to 1648 and involved conflicts between Catholic and Protestant forces.

Thirty Years' War

500

This was the War that was fought between the two rival families the Yorks and the Lancasters

War of the Roses