The Reformers
He nailed a 95 point criticism of the Catholic Church to the Church door.
Who is Martin Luther?
The Catholic Church sold these to forgive sins.
What are Indulgences?
These groups of people traveled to faraway places to convert people to Catholicism.
Who are missionaries?
This invention advanced the copying of texts from slow, handwritten texts to mass-produced ones.
What is the printing press?
The major change in religious publications allowed for the individual study and interpretation of the Bible
What is publishing the Bible in the vernacular?
He created an invention to mass-produce Bibles and other books.
Who is Johannes Gutenberg?
The ability of the regular people to access God without going through the Pope or the Priests.
What is salvation through faith?
A belief that strongly opposes the established customs, especially with religious organizations. Having these beliefs can get you labelled as ____
What is heresy?
Who are heretics?
Due to the increased access to books written in the vernacular, this also increased among the population.
What are literacy rates?
His study of anatomy and creation of the Vitruvian Man advanced our understanding of the human body and impacted medicine.
Who is Leonardo Di Vinci?
He separated England from the Catholic Church so he could divorce his wife.
Who is King Henry VIII?
A belief that states each person is predetermined to go to heaven or hell.
What is predestination?
A group of Catholic priests devoted to spreading Catholic education and preventing the spread of Protestantism (some violence) in Europe and beyond.
What are the Jesuits?
This Renaissance invention led to a better understanding of outer space and led to challenges against the belief that the Earth is the center of the universe.
What is the telescope?
These groups of people left Europe for the Americas to escape religious and political persecution.
What were 17th-century pilgrims or Puritans?
He believed our fate was predetermined by God, but could be changed for the worse through free will.
Who is John Calvin?
A Catholic rite or practice that was said to be instituted by Jesus Christ.
What are the Sacraments?
A series of meetings of Catholic priests and church officials, lasting nearly 20 years, that decided the rules and practices of Catholicism.
What was the Council of Trent?
This constant direction-finding tool, independent of time of day, was developed upon an earlier version from China. It allowed sailors to navigate out of sight of land.
What is the nautical compass?
This American Founding Father was inspired by the Renaissance Philosopher John Locke and his belief that man was granted certain natural rights by God, including life, liberty, and property.
Who was Thomas Jefferson?
His theory argued that certain natural rights were guaranteed to everyone, including life, liberty, and property.
Who is John Locke?
The belief in the dignity of man, and that individuals could achieve greatness through education and virtue.
What is Humanism?
The belief, established by the Council of Trent, is that the bread and wine consumed at communion become the actual body and blood of Christ.
What is transubstantiation?
This invention, first designed by Gallileo in 1637 and built by Christiaan Huygens in 1656, standardized the keeping of time.
What is the mechanical pendulum clock?
The war in Ireland, from 1593 to 1603, between the Irish Lords and England for religious and political control of Ireland.
What is the Nine Years' War?