Vocabulary
Define Fundamental.
Basic or essential
What was salvation?
Salvation was being saved or going to heaven, and this was saved through faith and good works.
Who was Martin Luther?
Martin Luther was a Catholic monk who believed that people are only saved through faith alone, not good works.
Define external
outward or observable
Who was Ulrich Zwingli?
A priest in the Swiss city of Zurich.
Define annul.
Declare invalid
How could someone be saved?
By buying indulgences or venerating relics, and faith.
Who was Fredrick III?
Prince of Saxony that was unwilling to see Martin Luther killed, so he sent Luther into hiding, and protected Luther when he returned to Wittenberg around 1512.
Define valid
well-grounded or justifiable
Who was John Calvin?
A reformer who published Institutes of the Christian Religion.
Define community.
A group of people with common interests and characteristics living together within a larger society.
What was Christian humanism?
Movement that developed in northern Europe during the Renaissance that combines classical learning and individualism with the goal of reforming the Catholic church.
Who was Desiderius Erasmus?
A Christian humanist that believed that Christianity should show people how to live good lives on a daily basis, and published "The Praise of Folly"
Define publish
to print for distribution
Who did Calvin share beliefs with?
Martin Luther.
Define Indulgence.
A release from all or part of punishment for sin by the Catholic Church, reducing time in purgatory after death.
What was Lutheranism?
Lutheranism was a religious doctrine that Martin Luther developed that stated salvation could only be achieved by faith alone, not good works.
Who was Charles V?
Roman emperor who saw the reforms as a threat and a force that disrupted the political and social order and hoped to preserve the unity of his empire by keeping it Catholic
Define justification
process of being justified, or deemed worthy of salvation, by God.
Who was John Knox?
The Calvinist reformer of Scotland.
Define predestination.
Belief that God has determined in advance who will be saved(the elect) and who will be damned(the reprobate).
What was "The Praise of Folly"?
A satire written by Desiderius Erasmus in 1509 in which he humorously criticized society's moral and religious state.
What was the chief political concern of Charles V?
Rivalry with the king of France, Francis I, over disputed territory.
Define ghetto
formerly a district in a city in which Jews were required to live.
Who was King Henry VIII?
The king of England who wanted a boy, so he divorced his wife. He also passed The Act of Supremacy in 1534 which declared the king as the supreme head on earth of the Church of England.