Causes
Did Renaissance values help or harm the Church? Explain.
Harmed because humanism & secularism led people to question the church.
Where did Luther come from?
Germany
What consequence did the Pope give to Luther?
Excommunication
What did Henry VII want?
A male heir to the throne
Define reformation
A movement for religious reform
How did the printing press contribute to the Reformation?
Printed material helped spread secular ideas.
What was Luther's job?
teacher/monk
Luther's and his followers became a separate religious group called ___________.
Lutherans
What ended the pope's power in England?
Henry VIII asking for Parliament to pass a set of laws that would end the Pope's power after the Pope refused to annul Henry's marriage.
Define annul
What made it so difficult for the pope to rule over Christians?
-Political leaders viewed him as a foreign ruler and challenged his authority as a result
-Places, like Germany, were divided into states so it was more difficult to rule over.
Why did Luther take a public stand against Johann Tetzel?
Tetzel was selling indulgences so people could buy their way into Heaven.
Besides the pope, who else opposed Luther's teachings?
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
Which monarchs followed King Henry after his death?
1.) Edward (young child with his adult Protestant advisors)
2.) Mary (returned English church to the pope)
3.) Catherine (restored Protestantism & set up the Anglican church)
What was the name of the Church of England set up by Elizabeth I?
Anglican Church
What was an economic cause of the Reformation?
How did Luther take a stand?
He wrote 95 theses and posted them on the door of the church. Someone copied them and took them to the printing press so that his ideas were spread throughout Germany.
What was the Edict of Worms? (+100 if you give a specific rule)
-No one in the empire could give Luther food
-Luther's books were banned
What is one difficulty Queen Elizabeth faced?
-Always needed more money
-Protestants wanted more reforms
-Catholics wanted Mary, Queen of the Scots, to take over
What was the Peace of Augsburg?
A settlement in which German princes agreed that each ruler would decide the religion of his own state.
What were 3 criticisms of the Catholic Church (+100 for specific examples)
1.) Leaders were corrupt (broke rules).
2.) Leaders focused on worldly affairs & not spiritual duties.
2.) Clergy were poorly educated.
Summarize the 3 main ideas that from Luther's teachings
- Faith in God's forgiveness and "good works" were needed for salvation.
-Teachings should be based on the Bible (Pope & church traditions were false authorities.)
-All people with faith were equal.
What was one reason why some German princes supported Luther?
-Some liked his ideas
-A chance to seize church property & assert their independence
Explain one way Elizabeth I's Church of England was a moderate church.
-Priests could marry (P)
-Sermons could be delivered in English, not Latin (P)
-Clergy wore "rich" robes (C)
What was the Act of Supremacy?
It called on people to recognize the divorce between Henry and Catherine.
People had to accept Henry as the head of England's church (NOT the pope).