Italian Renaissance
What is the Renaissance? Needs both a definition and a time frame.
What is humanism?
A variety of ethical theories and practice that emphasizes reason, scientific inquiry, and human fulfillment
What was the printing press?
A machined press for printing on paper.
Who was Filippo Brunelleschi? What was his most famous work?
Italian architect. Debatable - Dome of the Cathedral of Florence, The Basilica di San Lorenzo di Firenze, and the Exedrae of the Florence Cathedral
What was the Elizabethan Age?
A period in British history during the reign of Elizabeth I in the 16th century; an age marked by literary achievement and domestic prosperity.
What was "perspective" in Italian Renaissance art?
The technique of representing on a plane or curved surface the spatial relation of objects as they might appear to the eye.
Who was Francesco Petrarca?
He was a poet, scholar, and is widely considered to be the founder of the modern Italian Language. Known as the "Father of the Renaissance."
What is movable type?
Type from which text is printed directly in which each character is on a separate piece of metal.
Who is Nicolaus Copernicus? What did he discover?
Polish astronomer. Discovered that Earth and the planets orbit the sun.
What was the Protestant Reformation?
Movement led by Martin Luther that challenged the Church's authority.
What was "human anatomy" as it related to the Italian Renaissance?
The scientific study of the morphology of the adult human. It is subdivided into gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy.
What did the Humanism movement encourage others to do?
It encouraged people to read classical literature and view life in a different way. They were encouraged to "live in the moment" rather than bear their burdens with thoughts of the afterlife.
Who was Johannes Gutenberg?
He was an inventor who created the Printing Press.
Who was Michelangelo? What was his greatest work?
Italian artist, painter, and sculptor. Debatable - statue of David, ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, and The Creation of Adam
What was Christian Humanism?
The version of humanism that arose in Northern Europe - tried to understand Christianity and the Church by understanding and embracing Jesus' humanity.
Interest - a fee that borrowers pay for the use of someone else's money. The Medici family used their money from banking and charging interest to fund the arts, education, and humanism.
What is the connection between The Arts & Humanism?
There is a connection of celebrating life and focusing on thinking for one's self while expressing creativity.
What was a major book printed after the invention of the printing press?
The Gutenberg Bible - it is considered one of the world's most valuable books.
Who was Leonardo da Vinci? What was his most famous work?
Italian scientist, inventor, artist, painter, sculptor, and thinker. Debatable - The Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, Vitruvian Man.
Who was Desiderius Erasmus? What was his most famous work?
Dutch Christian Humanist known as "Prince of the Humanists" - The Praise of Folly; criticized the church for being corrupt, wanted to remove the church's rituals, but still wanted to focus on being devoted to God.
What were three major events that brough the Middle Ages to an end and helped usher in the Italian Renaissance?
People began to question the Pope (church lost its power), the Black Plague, and the collapse of the feudal system.
Canzoniere - (Songbook) Book of Sonnets
Trionfi - (Triumphs) Poetry
Secretum Meum - (My Secret Book)
How did the printing press change history?
Information and ideas traveled quickly through books and newspapers. Literacy levels rose.
Who was Raphael? What was his most famous work?
Italian painter. Debatable - The School of Athens, the Sistine Madonna, and The Transfiguration.
Who was Miguel de Cervantes? What was his most famous work?
Spanish writer and artist of the Northern Renaissance. Don Quixote.