The Italian Renaissance
What is the literal translation for the Renaissance?
Rebirth
This German inventor is credited with creating the first European printing press using movable type.
Johannes Gutenberg
This monk's "95 Theses" served as the catalyst for the Protestant Reformation.
Martin Luther
He proposed the heliocentric model, suggesting the sun—not the earth—was the center of the universe.
Nicolaus Copernicus
This "Renaissance Man" used sketches of inventions and anatomical studies to bring a new level of realism to art.
Leonardo Da Vinci
This powerful merchant family emerged as great patrons of the arts.
the Medici family
This was the very first major book printed by Gutenberg around 1456.
the Bible
This 1524 event involved commoners rising up against the nobility, though Martin Luther ultimately condemned their violence.
the Peasant's Revolt
He was condemned by the Church and spent the end of his life under house arrest for his astronomical discoveries.
Galileo Galilei
This city is considered the birthplace of the Renaissance due to its wealth from trade and the influence of the Medici family.
Florence
This 1478 plot was a failed attempt to overthrow the Medici family's dominance in Florence.
Pazzi Conspiracy
Long before Europe, this nation pioneered the process of woodblock printing.
China
Luther specifically attacked this Church practice, which involved paying for the "remission of sins."
Indulgences
This step-by-step process was developed to confirm scientific findings through observation and experimentation.
Scientific Method
This is the name of the model that correctly places the Sun at the center of the universe.
Heliocentric Model
This intellectual movement at the heart of the Renaissance focused on education, the classics, and Greek and Roman learning.
Humanism
These professional manuscript copiers opposed the printing press because it threatened their livelihood.
Scribes
This Pope formally excommunicated Martin Luther in 1521.
Pope Leo X
This thinker emphasized the use of experimentation and observation.
Francis Bacon
This was a treaty that ended the religious struggle between religious groups and allowed German princes to choose either Catholicism or Lutheranism as the official religion of their land.
Peace of Augsburg
Leonardo da Vinci used this artistic technique to create a sense of depth and three-dimensional space on a flat surface.
Hint: It begins with P
Perspective
This was a major social result of the printing press, as books became cheaper and more available to the public.
Increase in literacy
John Calvin's unique theological contribution was this belief that God had already determined who would be saved.
Hint: It begins with P
Predestination
This thinker emphasized the use of human reasoning and logic as the best way to gain understanding.
Rene Descartes
This term describes the common everyday language of the people, which became more popular in books after the invention of the press.
Hint: It begins with V
Vernacular