Italian Renaissance
What does the term "Renaissance" mean?
Rebirth
What region is associated with the Northern Renaissance?
Flanders (parts of modern-day France, Belgium, and the Netherlands).
Who is known for nailing the 95 Theses to the church door?
Martin Luther
Who was the first monarch of the Church of England?
King Henry VIII.
What did Copernicus propose about the universe?
That the Sun is the center of the universe (heliocentrism).
Name one major city-states in Italy during the Renaissance.
Florence, Venice, Genoa, Milan, or Rome.
Who invented the printing press?
Johannes Gutenberg.
What is an indulgence?
A certificate issued by the church granting a pardon for a person’s sins.
Who was Erasmus and what did he advocate?
A Christian humanist who believed in using reason to improve the Church.
Who was Galileo and what did he discover?
He was an astronomer who discovered moons of Jupiter and supported Copernican theory.
Who was a famous traveler that wrote about China?
Marco Polo
Name one major effect of the printing press.
Increased literacy and the spread of new ideas.
What did Martin Luther believe was necessary for salvation?
Faith in Jesus, not good works.
How did the Reformation impact England politically?
It led to the establishment of the Church of England and conflicts over religious authority.
What is the scientific method?
A systematic approach to inquiry and experimentation to formulate scientific laws.
What was the Medici family's role in Florence?
They were influential bankers and patrons of the arts.
What technique did Jan van Eyck use in his paintings?
Oil Painting
Who was John Calvin and what was his significant belief?
A Protestant reformer who believed in predestination.
What was the Act of Supremacy?
A law that made the King of England the head of the Church of England.
Describe one major contribution of Isaac Newton.
He formulated the law of gravity and developed calculus.
Describe the concept of Humanism.
An intellectual movement that emphasized the value of human potential and achievements, focusing on classical texts and the importance of the individual.
Identify a key difference between Italian and Northern Renaissance art.
Northern Renaissance art often used oil paints for richer colors and detailed symbolism, while Italian art focused on perspective and human emotions.
What was the Catholic Reformation?
A movement to reform the Catholic Church and counteract Protestantism.
What does predestination mean in Calvinism?
The belief that God has already determined who will be saved.
Name two advancements in medicine during the Scientific Revolution.
Accurate studies of human anatomy by Andreas Vesalius and the discovery of blood circulation by William Harvey.