Structures and Functions
Bands of mucus membranes stretched across the larynx that vibrate during phonation to create sound
What is the vocal cords?
This is the main (and largest) tube of respiration, supported by C-shaped cartilage rings. The first part is known as the larynx. At it's base, it branches into the left and right bronchi.
What is the trachea?
An increase in volume will result in this change to pressure.
What is decrease? (in pressure)
The volume of air that is inhaled and exhaled in a normal breathing movement when the body is at rest.
What is tidal volume?
Internal Respiration is gas exchange between the blood vessels/capillaries and the _______.
What are cells/tissues?
These bones provide physical protection to the heart and lungs. They are lifted and lowered by intercostal muscles during inhalation and exhalation.
What are ribs?
This lung is lighter and longer and only has 2 lobes with a notch at it's mediastinal border to accommodate the heart.
What is the left lung?
Air moves from an area of high pressure to ______.
What is low pressure?
The additional volume of air that can be taken into the lungs, beyond a regular breath.
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
These are the small branches of lungs that conduct air towards and away from the respiratory surface for gas exchange.
What are bronchioles?
This is the largest and main muscle of respiration that lowers (by contracting) and lifts (by relaxing) to help lungs expand and compress air spaces within. This creates pressure differences that allow air to move in and out of tract.
What is the diaphragm?
This process is passive and involves relaxing the intercostal muscles and diaphragm to move the ribs downwards and inwards to create a decrease in volume/increase in pressure resulting in air moving out of lungs.
What is exhalation?
What is residual volume?
This form of transport involves 99% being carried by hemoglobin, and 1% being dissolved and carried in blood plasma.
What is oxygen transport?
These are the smallest blood vessels of the lungs that surround over 70% of the alveoli in a net-like arrangement. Their walls are only one cell thick to facilitate rapid gas exchange with the alveoli.
What are the pulmonary capillaries?
This lipoprotein secretion is made by alveolar cells and coats the inner walls of the alveoli. It decreases the surface tension on inner surface of lungs to make inflation and deflation easier and keeps respiratory surface wet and moist to facilitate gas exchange.
What is surfactant?
This process is active and involves contracting the intercostal muscles and diaphragm to move the ribs upwards and outwards to create an increase in volume/decrease in pressure resulting in air moving into lungs.
What is inhalation?
The formula for vital capacity.
What is tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume?
This form of transport involves 23% is transported via hemoglobin in red blood cells, 7% is dissolved and carried in blood plasma and 70% is dissolved and carried in the blood as bicarbonate ions (HCO3-)
What is carbon dioxide transport?
A small vein containing oxygenated blood being carried away from the alveoli and towards the heart.
What is a pulmonary venule?
A small artery containing deoxygenated blood being carried away from the heart towards the alveoli.
What is a pulmonary arteriole?
What is a pneuomothorax?
What is 1200 ml?
Water molecules (H2O) react with the carbon dioxide (CO2) molecules to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), and then the carbonic acid quickly dissociates (breaks down) into a hydrogen ion (H+) and a ___________ ion.
What is bicarbonate?