Nose/
Pharynx
Pharynx
What are the primary functions of the nose?
Provides an airway, moisten and warms air, filters air, resonating chamber for speech, houses olfactory receptors
What is the function of the pharyngeal tonsil?
Destroys entering pathogens (germs)
Which cartilage forms the Adam’s apple?
Thyroid cartilage
What is the function of the trachealis muscle?
Constricts the trachea to allow air to be expelled with more force (e.g., during coughing)
What is pulmonary ventilation?
Breathing; movement of air into and out of the lungs
What structure divides the nasal cavity?
Nasal Septum
True or False: The laryngopharynx is only a passageway for air.
False. It is also:
•Voice production
•Provides an open airway
•Routes air and food into the proper channels
What type of cartilage supports the trachea?
C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
What is the order of air passage through the bronchial tree?
Primary bronchi → secondary bronchi → tertiary bronchi → bronchioles → terminal bronchioles
Which muscles are involved in quiet inspiration?
Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles
True or false: the nasal conchae help to reclaim the moisture during breathing out.
True
What type of epithelium lines the oropharynx?
Stratified squamous epithelium
True or False: The vocal folds are located in the nasopharynx.
False. They are located in the larynx
Which lung has three lobes?
Right lung
What happens to intrapulmonary pressure during inhalation?
It decreases below atmospheric pressure
Name the 3 regions of the pharynx.
1. Nasopharynx
2. Oropharynx
3. Laryngopharynx
What are the 3 functions of the larynx?
1. Provides an open airway
2. Acts as a switching mechanism to route air and food
3. Voice production
What lines the mucosa of the trachea?
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
What are alveoli and their function?
Tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs
True or False: Expiration is always an active process.
False – quiet expiration is a passive process
Name the type of epithelium lining the respiratory mucosa.
PCCE- pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
What is the role of the epiglotis during swallowing?
It tips inferiorly to cover the laryngeal inlet during swallowing
True or False: The trachea bifurcates into the left and right secondary bronchi.
False – it bifurcates into the left and right primary bronchi
True or False: Type II alveolar cells secrete surfactant.
True
What is the difference between tidal volume and vital capacity?
Tidal volume is normal breathing volume; vital capacity is the maximum amount of air expelled after maximum inhalation.