Anatomy
The pharynx is known as the ______________; and the larynx is known as the ______________.
Throat; voicebox
Cellular respiration occurs in the...
mitochondria
Gas Exchange occurs in the alveoli, where does oxygen air come from right before it reaches the alveoli?
The bronchioles
Respiration with O2 is called _________________ respiration;
Respiration without O2 is called ________________ respiration
aerobic; anaerobic
The left lung has 2 and then right lung has 3
lobes
The muscle that is NOT a part of the respiratory system and helps us to breathe in and out.
The diaphragm
If the rate of cellular respiration were to increase, what would you expect to happen to the production of Carbon Dioxide?
It would increase.
The gases that are exchanged during Gas Exchange are ________________+________________, and they travel around the body via___________________.
oxygen + carbon dioxide, red blood cells.
What is the MAIN function of the respiratory system?
To breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide
Food should never go down the _______________; the __________________is a flap that covers it.
trachea; epiglottis
left and right primary bronchi
The reactants of cellular respiration are:
The products of cellular respiration are:
reactants- glucose and oxygen
products- carbon dioxide, water, ATP
red blood cells
The scientific term for low oxygen levels is...
Hypoxia
Little hair-like structures and mucus help to filter out germs from the air we breathe in. These hair-like structures are called...
cillia
It is better to breathe through your ____________ as it helps to filter ______________________. These _____________________ will later be destroyed by ___________________ in the stomach of the digestive tract.
nose; microorganisms/bacteria; microorganisms/bacteria; gastric juices.
The FULL balanced equation of cellular respiration is...
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
The lungs are found in the ___________ cavity; whereas the stomach is found in the _____________ cavity
thoracic; abdominal
The alveoli are covered in tiny blood vessels. These blood vessels are called...
capillaries
A patient comes in and is complaining of a sore throat. You take a couple of swab tests and everything comes back negative. What can you conclude about this patient's diagnosis? (hint: -itis suffix means inflammation) Explain your reasoning.
a. They have laryngitis
b. They have pharyngitis
c. They have strep throat
d. They have the flu
b. They have pharyngitis; because they are complaining of a sore throat, but swab tests for something like strep and flu are negative. Pharynx is throat and itis means inflammation so you can conclude it is pharyngitis and not laryngitis because larynx is voice box and that is not what they are complaining of.
The alveoli have a combined surface area of the size of a tennis court. Why is it important for the alveoli to have a large surface area?
To maximize efficiency and rate of gas exchange between the air and the bloodstream.
Explain why respiration rates increase when exercising. (include breathing rate and heart rate)
When we exercise our cells in our body need more energy to continue to function and provide our body with what it needs as we exercise. Our breathing rate increases to take in more oxygen so we can increase our heart rate to pump the oxygen in our blood to the cells of the body faster to keep up with the need for increased energy. Our cells use the oxygen in the mitochondria to go through cellular respiration and make ATP which we need more of when we exercise; hence the increased rates of respiration.
Explain the entire air pathway for oxygen starting at the nose (hint 8 structures involved)
nose/mouth-nasal cavity/oral cavity-pharynx-larynx-trachea-primary bronchi-bronchioles-alveoli
The maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after maximum inhalation is called _______________ volume. the amount of air that can be exhaled after normal inhalation is called _____________ volume
vital; tidal
When Astronauts' are up in space they are exposed to higher levels of CO2. If the filter for this carbon dioxide is not working, the astronauts' blood can back up with CO2. Explain why this is dangerous. What does it do to the rest of the body if CO2 backs up in the blood? (think back to our packet on what happened to the astronaut)
The CO2 causes the blood to become more acidic in its pH and this acidic pH in the blood causes dizziness and confusion in the brain--when amount of CO2 is overwhelming can shut down bodies control systems.