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Anatomy
Physiology
Pathology
Diseases
Terminology
100
These microscopic hair-like protrusions lining the trachea move and carry mucus up and out of the respiratory tract.
What are cilia?
100
The basic function of the lungs is to exchange these two gases.
What are oxygen and carbon dioxide?
100
Inflammation of the small airways of the lungs.
What is Bronchiolitis?
100
This respiratory infection is caused by bacteria and was once the leading cause of death in the United States. The symptoms of this infection are cough lasting longer than three weeks, weakness, rapid weight loss, coughing up blood or sputum, night sweats, fever, and pain in the chest.
What is Tuberculosis?
100
Term used to describe a state of low oxygen saturation in body tissues.
What is hypoxia?
200
This lobe of the lung is smaller than the other to provide sufficient space for the heart.
What is the left lobe?
200
A healthy person should have this percentage of their blood saturated with oxygen?
What is 98-100% saturation?
200
This is a condition in which the lung fails to expand completely due to shallow breathing or because the air passages are blocked.
What is Atelectasis?
200
90% of lung cancers are related to this.
What is smoking?
200
A condition of bluish discoloration of the skin caused by a lack of adequate oxygen.
What is cyanosis?
300
Two airways that branch off the lower end of the trachea and lead into the lungs; one branch each into the left and right lungs, where they subdivide into smaller and smaller branches.
What are the bronchi?
300
This is a lipoprotein produced in the lungs that keeps our alveoli from sticking together like sheets of wet paper and collapsing.
What is surfactant?
300
Prolonged hyperventilation causes a decrease in carbon dioxide. This leads to an increase in blood pH. There is a name for this condition.
What is (Respiratory) Alkalosis?
300
This genetic disease, also known as mucoviscidosis, is a genetic disorder that affects mostly the lungs but also the pancreas, liver, kidneys and intestine. Long term issues include difficulty breathing and coughing up sputum as a result of frequent lung infections
What is Cystic Fibrosis?
300
Difficult or labored breathing; also known as shortness of breath.
What is dyspnea?
400
When a breath is taken, this dome shaped muscle at the bottom of the lungs flattens out and pulls forward creating a vacuum of air into the lungs.
What is the diaphragm?
400
This protein binds with oxygen in our blood allowing each red blood cell to carry more oxygen.
What is hemoglobin?
400
Over time, smoking irritates the airways and destroys the stretchy fibers in the lungs. This group of diseases are associated with difficulty getting air in and out of the lungs. The airways may become thicker than normal and increased mucus may be produced, restricting airflow. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are two of the conditions of this disease.
What is COPD or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease?
400
A well-known and serious infection or inflammation of the lungs in which the smallest bronchioles and alveoli fill with pus and other liquid.
What is Pneumonia?
400
Bleeding from the nose that is usually caused by an injury, excessive use of blood thinners, or bleeding disorders; also known as a nosebleed
What is epistaxis?
500
This word is the singular form of alveoli.
What is an alveolus?
500
Another function of the respiratory system is the balance of blood pH or acid-base balance. When there is too much carbon dioxide in the blood, the pH drops and this condition is created.
What is acidosis?
500
A condition in which a person's airways become inflamed, narrow and swell, and produce extra mucus. This can make breathing difficult and trigger coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath. "Attacks" are often prompted by exposure to a respiratory allergen or irritant.
What is Asthma?
500
A common and highly contagious virus that infects the respiratory tract of most children before their second birthday. For most babies and young children, the infection causes nothing more than a cold. But for a small percentage, infection can lead to serious problems such as Bronchiolitis, which is inflammation of the small airways of the lungs, or pneumonia, which can become life-threatening.
What is Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)?
500
This is a machine that pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a vapor, which is then inhaled by the patient via a face mask or mouthpiece.
What is a nebulizer?