Events Leading to the Restoration
This was the formal name for the period (1649–1660) when England had no monarch.
What is the Interregnum (or the Commonwealth)?
Charles II was famously nicknamed "The Merry" this.
What is The Merry Monarch?
Swift’s "A Modest Proposal" was written to highlight the poverty in this city.
What is Dublin?
Wollstonecraft argues that women are kept in a state of perpetual this, never allowed to "grow up."
What is Childhood (or Infancy)?
The "Curfew" in the first line of the poem performs this action.
What is "Tolls the knell of parting day"?
Following his father’s execution, this future King fled into exile in France and Holland.
Who is Charles II?
Unlike the Puritans, Restoration culture was famous for reopening these entertainment venues.
What are Theaters?
In his "Proposal," Swift ironically suggests that the skin of children could make these two leather goods.
What are gloves and boots?
She critiques this influential philosopher’s views on female education in Emile.
Who is Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
Gray mentions this famous 17th-century "Protector" who might lie in the graveyard "guiltless of his country's blood."
Who is Oliver Cromwell?
This "Rump" version of this governing body was dissolved by Cromwell using the military.
What is Parliament?
This religious group, to which James II belonged, caused great political tension during the Restoration.
Who are the Catholics?
Swift’s "Proposal" is an example of this specific type of satire, known for being harsh and biting.
What is Juvenalian Satire?
Wollstonecraft argues that this "divine" human faculty is what truly separates humans from animals.
What is Reason?
The poem suggests that "The paths of glory lead but to" this destination.
What is the grave?
After Oliver Cromwell died, this son of his briefly attempted to rule as Lord Protector.
Who is Richard Cromwell?
This famous diarist provided the most detailed first-hand accounts of the Great Fire and the Plague.
Who is Samuel Pepys? (pronounced Peeps)
Before becoming a satirist, Swift served as a secretary to this prominent diplomat and writer.
Who is Sir William Temple?
She claims that women are taught to value their beauty over this, the ability to think and act for oneself.
What is Virtue (or Independence)?
This is the specific four-line stanza form (abab) that Gray uses throughout the poem.
What is an Elegaic Stanza (or Heroic Quatrain)?
This 1651 Act, which restricted colonial trade to English ships, led to tensions that Charles II eventually inherited.
What is the Navigation Act?
This political party (opposed by the Tories) emerged during the Restoration to limit the power of the King.
Who are the Whigs?
In "A Modest Proposal," the narrator cites a friend from this country as the source of his "information" about eating children.
What is America (specifically, "a young intelligent American")?
Wollstonecraft’s Vindication was a direct "rebuttal" to a pamphlet written by this man about the rights of man.
Who is Thomas Paine?
This is the term for the final three stanzas of the poem, which serve as Gray’s own self-written burial notice.
What is the Epitaph?