Agriculture & Trade
What new type of farming helped keep soil healthy?
Crop rotation
What are groups of workers in the same job called?
A Guild
Name one big medieval city (> 50,000 people) during the 11th-14th centuries.
Paris, Venice, Florence, etc.
Name one subject students learned in universities
Grammar, math, music, theology, etc.
Who gave cities charters to help them rule themselves?
Monarchs
How many parts did farmers learn to divide their fields into?
Three
Who owned workshops?
Masters
What document from the royals gave cities the right to govern themselves?
A city charter
What literature / philosophy did Europe rediscover in the 11th-14th centuries?
Greek Philosophy (mainly Aristotle)
What war happened between England and France during this time?
The Hundred Years' War.
What were the two main trade routes used in Medieval Europe?
The Mediterranean route and the Atlantic & Baltic route.
Who worked for masters for free while learning a trade?
Apprentices
What is the name of people living in cities?
(HINT: Comes from the word "Borough")
Bourgeoisie
What did minstrels do?
Sing and perform acrobatics
What famous female figure helped France win their war against England at this time?
St. Joan of Arc
Name two products that came to Europe through trade with the Muslim world
Spices, silk, and rice
What did artisans make in small workshops?
Handmade goods like tools, clothes, and furniture.
What were areas of the city for specific religious groups (other than Christians) called?
Quarters (e.g., Jewish quarter, Muslim quarter).
What did the word "university" originally mean?
A group / association of people
What did monarchs collect to grow their armies?
Taxes
What let people borrow money from banks?
Credit
What was a “masterpiece”?
A special project to show skill and become a master.
What group ruled cities after they gained charters?
A city council with a judge and mayor
What European, Catholic philosopher at this time was inspired by the Greek thinker Aristotle?
St. Thomas Aquinas
What legal system was restored by monarchs to strengthen their authority?
Roman law