A
When did South Africa become an official state?
1910.
Name two colonial figures who had impacted the Cape.
The British and the Dutch.
In which area did the Tswana mainly live?
a) Current-day Johannesburg
b) Highveld
c) Savannah
B - The Highveld
What were Tswana chiefs called?
Kgosi
Name TWO groups of Tswana people.
The Bakwena, Bakgatla, Barolong, Batlhaping, and Batlokwa.
What was it called when all members of a chiefdom gathered near the chief to discuss political issues?
Kgotla or Dikotla
What was the Tswana economy based on?
Raising and herding cattle.
What types of grains did the Tswana farm?
Sorghum, Millet, and later, maize.
What would BOER raiders take from the Tswana?
The Boers would raid Tswana chiefdoms for people - labourers to work their farms.
Explain what the Mfecane was.
A series of changes in the 1750s which led to migration and violence.
Which Tswana chiefdom inter-married with the Grique? (The same people were helped during the Battle of Dithakong)
Batlhaping/ Tlhaping
Which Tswana group assimilated into the Sotho under Moshoeshoe?
Baralong/Rolong
Explain THREE ways in which the Tswana could access trade networks.
Through Delagoa Bay (Portuguese Traders), through the Cape Colony, or through the Kora and Grique
Name three items that the Tswana would give as trading items.
Cattle, Ivory, skin hides, copper, iron
What type of evidence exists to prove that the Tswana were successful traders in the 1800s.
Archaeological evidence, and Oral History evidence.
Explain why some chiefs wanted to grow their populations.
More followers would make them stronger/richer. More followers would allow them to have more Amabutho to hunt and sell ivory to Europeans. More followers would meen more Amabutho to raid other chiefdoms. More followers would meen more Amabutho to protect their land
Explain how the Mafisa system led to transformations in southern Africa.
Some chiefs would lend cattle to weaker chiefdoms. Once these smaller chiefdoms recovered, they would either join their benefactors, or would be politically aligned with them (strengthened alliances).
Explain how environmental changes contributed to changes in southern Africa in the 1750s.
Droughts made land scarce, which prompted some chiefdoms to migrate or to assimilate into a stronger chiefdom.
Explain why raiding enemy chiefdoms for women, boys and cattle could be seen as problematic today.
It led to human rights violations towards women as they were seen as objects to be traded like cattle. Young boys were taken captive (their families probably killed) to be assimilated into new Amabutho for the conquering chiefdom. Assimilation led to a loss of cultures.
Explain how trade contributed to conflict between some Tswana chiefdoms.
Some chiefdoms would have access to weapons (guns), while others did not. This led to some chiefdoms gaining more power than other, contributing to increased conflict.