Igneous Rocks
Where do Igneous Rocks form?
Volcanoes
Sedimentary rocks are made of...
Sediments
Two things needed for Metamorphic Rocks to form.
Heat & Pressure
What are the 3 types of rocks?
1. Igneous
2. Sedimentary
3. Metamorphic
What is a mineral?
naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a specific chemical composition and a definite crystalline structure.
What are the two types of Igneous Rocks?
Intrusive & Extrusive
What is the movement of sediments?
Erosion
Which nonmetallic resource has been linked to cancer?
Asbestos
What are two processes that are in the rock cycle?
Compaction and cementation
weathering and erosion
melting
heat and pressure
cooling and crystallization
What are silicates?
Minerals that contain silicon and oxygen, and usually one or more additional element.
How do Igneous Rocks form?
Form when lava or magma cools and crystallizes.
Compaction and cementation are also known as...
Lithification
Why are Metamorphic Rocks great for building?
They are durable and strong.
What are the two types of bedding?
Cross-bedding
Graded Bedding
What is texture?
Texture is the size, shape, and distribution of the crystal/mineral that make up a rock.
What is partial melting?
The process whereby some minerals melt at relatively low teperatures while other minerals remain solid.
How do Sedimentary Rocks form?
When sediments are moved and deposited by water, wind, glaciers, and gravity.
Two categories that classify Metamorphic Rocks.
Foliated and Nonfoliated
What are ripple marks and the two types?
Ripples marks are when sediment is moved into small ridges by wind or wave action or by a river current.
Asymmetrical - the current flows in one direction
Symmetrical - the current goes in a back and forth movement
What are thin sections?
Thin sections are used to observe the sizes of mineral grains.
What is the Bowen's reaction series?
Magma cools and crystallizes, minerals form in predictable patterns which is now called Bowen's reaction series.
What are the most common Sedimentary Rocks? *They are also formed by loose sediments that accumulate on Earth's surface*
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
Name two types of metamorphism and their definitions.
Contact Metamorphism - when molten material comes in contact with sold rock
Regional Metamorphism - when temperature and pressure affect large regions of Earth's crust
Hydrothermal Metamorphism - when very hot water reacts and alters its chemical and mineral composition
How can an igneous rock turn into a metamorphic rock?
Heat and pressure can change an igneous rock into a metamorphic rock
A mineral is a/an _____ if it contains a valuable substance that can be mined at a profit.
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