Rock Cycle
What is the cycle that change rocks into different types of rocks?
The Rock cycle
What word describes rocks made from layers of sand, dirt, or small pieces of other rocks stuck together?
Sedimentary
Where do igneous rocks come from?
Igneous rocks form from cooled molten rock (magma or lava).
What does the word "metamorphic" mean in a simple way?
changed
Name one way rocks can change from one type to another
Examples: melting, cooling, weathering, erosion, heat and pressure, compaction and cementation.
Name two things that can help make sedimentary rock (things that move and deposit sediment).
Water, wind, ice (glaciers), or living things (organisms) that move and deposit sediment.
Where does magma come from?
underneath the Earth
Name two forces that can make a rock become metamorphic.
heat and pressure
What do we call the process when rock is broken into small pieces by wind, water, or ice?
Weathering
What are sediments?
Igneous rocks are usually formed in or near ___________.
Volcanoes.
How does heat (but not melting) change a rock into a metamorphic rock?
Heat changes the minerals and texture of the rock without melting it, making a new, harder rock.
Give the sequence: when hot melted rock cools and hardens it becomes _____; when pieces of rock are pressed together it becomes _____; when heat and pressure change a rock it becomes _____.
Igneous; Sedimentary; Metamorphic.
What does it mean when sediments are compacted and cemented?
Compacted means sediments are pressed tightly together; cemented means minerals glue the particles together to form rock.
What makes an igneous rock
heat and pressure or melting and cooling?
melting and cooling
Describe how pressure from deep underground can change a sedimentary rock into a metamorphic rock (mention change in texture or layers).
Pressure squeezes the rock’s grains closer, may make layers or new minerals form; texture becomes denser and foliated or non-foliated depending on conditions.
Explain in one or two sentences how a rock could start as igneous, become sedimentary, then become metamorphic.
gneous rock forms from cooled magma; it can be weathered and eroded into sediments that form sedimentary rock; then heat and pressure can change that sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock.
Describe how a river can make sedimentary rock from pebbles and sand (use the words erosion, transport, deposition, compacting).
River erodes rock, transports pebbles and sand downstream, deposits them in layers, and over time layers get compacted and cemented to form sedimentary rock.
Do igneous rocks have crystals?
yes
Are metamorphic rocks the same as sedimentary rocks?
No