IGNEOUS ROCKS
What does igneous rock form from?
magma or lava
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
compaction and cementation
What does metamorphic mean?
changed form
Any rock that is exposed to the Earth's surface will eventually break down into this.
Sediment
Igneous rocks are classified into two main categories based on where they cool. Name them.
Intrusive and Extrusive
What are sediments?
small rock fragments, shells, organic material
What are the two primary "ingredients" needed to turn any rock into a metamorphic rock?
heat and pressure
To turn a Metamorphic rock into an Igneous rock, what state must the rock pass through first?
Molten/Magma state
Why do intrusive rocks have large crystals?
slow cooling allows crystals to grow
Name one feature of sedimentary rocks.
layers / fossils
Metamorphic rocks must melt completely into magma to form.
False—if they melt, they become igneous!
What process turns a Sedimentary rock into a Metamorphic rock?
Heat and Pressure
What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?
Intrusive = inside Earth, slow cooling / Extrusive = surface, fast cooling
Why are fossils found in sedimentary rocks?
gentle formation preserves remains
When sandstone undergoes intense heat and pressure, it transforms into this extremely hard rock.
Quartzite
How can an Igneous rock become a Sedimentary rock?
Weathering and Erosion into sediment, followed by compaction/cementation
Name two of the three extrusive rocks that form from volcanic ash or rapid cooling, often containing holes or a glassy texture.
Tuff, Obsidian, or Pumice
Name the two types of sedimentary rocks
Shale, Sandstone, and Limestone
Identify the metamorphic "results" of these two rocks: Shale becomes ____, and Limestone becomes ____.
Slate and Marble
Explain a full rock cycle path (start → end).
igneous → sediment → sedimentary → metamorphic → magma