Vocabulary
In ancient Rome, the common people.
What are the plebians?
The date that The Roman Republic was founded.
What was 509 B.C.?
Carthaginian General who invaded northern Italy by bringing elephants over the Alps.
Who was Hannibal Barca?
City located in present-day Tunisia (which is North Africa), founded by the Phoenicians ca. 800 B.C.. It became a major commercial center and naval power in the western Mediterranean until it was defeated by the expanding Roman Republic in the third century B.C. It was Rome's arch-nemesis.
What was Carthage?
The twin brothers who founded Rome.
Who were Romulus and Remus?
Large country homes surrounded by farms where most wealthy Romans lived.
What were villas?
A Tribune's right to reject a decision or proposal made by others in The Tribunes of The Plebs to stop laws from being voted on.
What is a veto?
In ancient Rome, a member of the privileged upper class.
What is a patrician?
The most important role of a Roman woman.
What was to raise and take care of her children and take care of her household?
Roman general who was finally able to defeat General Hannibal.
Who was General Scipio Africanus?
River on which Rome was founded.
What is The Tiber River?
A military unit of the ancient Roman army, made up of about 5,000 foot soldiers and a group of soldiers on horseback.
What was a legion?
The Senate could vote to give this man, in times of great emergency, complete power, but he served for a maximum of six months.
What was a dictator?
A war between groups within the same country.
What is a civil war?
A form of social organization in which males dominate females.
What is a patriarchy?
Worst Roman defeat in the Punic Wars-- 2nd Punic War; August 2, 216 B.C. Hannibal killed over 50,000 Roman soldiers.
What was The Battle of Cannae?
They were Tribunes in the Roman Republic. One continued to veto all the bills, so the government was shut down, and he was tribune twice, which was illegal. He was assassinated in 123 B.C., and his younger brother was also later assassinated, because they wanted to make reforms to help the poor, such as giving land.
Who were Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus?
A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage (264-146 B.C.) resulted in the destruction of Carthage and Rome's dominance over the western Mediterranean.
What were The Punic Wars?
The supreme god of the Roman Republic.
Who was Jupiter?
A nation-state that contains several countries or territories.
What is an empire?
A form of government in which citizens choose their leaders by voting them into office to make decisions on their behalf.
What is a republic?
This is a territory governed as a political district of a country or empire.
What is a province?
The People and Senate of Rome
What does SPQR mean?
On the fifteenth of March, Julius Caesar was assassinated by Senators of Rome, including his close friend, Brutus.
What were The Ides of March?
A territory governed as a political district of a country or empire
What is a province?
The richest man in Rome, who personally assembled an army, outsmarted Spartus and saved Rome. He had over 6,000 people crucified along the Appian Way. One member of the First Triumvirate which destroyed the Roman Republic.
Who was Marcus Licinius Crassus?
Rome's public meeting place, the middle of a Roman city, functioned as the town square.
What was the forum?
Under the Roman Republic, one of the two magistrates held supreme civil and military authority. Nominated by the Senate and elected by citizens, they held office for one year, and each had the power of veto over the other.
What were the Senate consuls?
This is the official religion supported by the government. For example, Rome made the citizens worship the gods, such as Jupiter and Apollo.
What is an established religion?
This battle was started by the Roman archenemy Hannibal and it was the greatest defeat in the Republic's history on August 2, 216 B.C.
What was The Battle of Cannae?
What did Consul Sulla do to get his job back in Rome?
What was marching back from Greece into Rome with his army (which was illegal), conquering the city in 87 B.C. during a civil war with supporters of General Marius?
What were: Egypt, Carthage, Israel, and Greece.
Roman consul for an illegal 7 times, he was a popular general who encouraged the unemployed poor to join the Roman army, and he reformed the Roman army. He improved the army by making the government pay for the soldiers' equipment and clothes. He trained the army constantly and made it professional.
Who was Gaius Marius?
An official elected by the plebeians to protect their interests, who had the power to veto bills made in the Senate.
Who was The Tribune of The Plebs?
A large pipe or channel designed to transport water from a remote source over a long distance.
What is an aqueduct?
The division of a central government into two or more branches, each having its own responsibilities and authorities.
What is the separation of powers?
Julius Caesar had the Senate do this in 44 B.C., which is viewed by historians as the end of the Roman Republic. This was after he won the civil war with General Pompey.
What was to appoint him dictator for life?
A model dictator for the Romans. He organized an army, led the Romans to victory, attended victory celebrations, and returned to his farmland all within 16 days. President George Washington was called a modern-day version of this man.
Who was Cincinnatus?
Rome's most successful General. He won 8 major wars and added four new territories. One member of the First Triumvirate that destroyed the Roman Republic.
Who was Pompey Magnus?
The three men who made up the Triumvirate, who finally succeeded in destroying the Roman Repbulic.
Who were: Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus?
These were the two main reasons why the Roman Republic fell apart, and the Roman Empire began.
What was inequity between the citizens and the armies became loyal to their generals, like Marius and Julius Caesar, instead of the Roman Government?
The Roman government was made up of these three parts.
What were: The Assemblies, The Senate, and The Magistrates?