Vocabulary
The belief that there is only one god
Monotheism
How was democracy in ancient Greece different from democracy in the Roman Republic and the United States?
3. Greece had direct democracy.
Below is a summary of John Locke’s Second Treatise of Government.
John Locke argued that all humans were born with certain natural rights. These rights include the right to life itself, liberty, and the ownership of property.
Thomas Jefferson was so influenced by John Locke’s natural rights of “right to life itself, liberty, and the ownership of property” that he included them in which U.S. document?
2. Declaration of Independence
This is the idea that people follow rules without needing to be told to by a government.
1. natural rights
Students at a public school begin each day with a prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, and the school’s song. One student refuses to participate in the prayer because her religious beliefs conflict with those of the prayer. She continues to refuse to participate and is suspended for not following school rules.
Which amendment of the Bill of Rights is violated in the above scenario?
1. First Amendment
The principle that the people are the ultimate source of the authority and legitimacy of a government
popular sovereignty
What part of the American republic is most similar to the Greek polis?
1. state governments
According to John Locke, which of the following would be considered a natural right?
John Locke argued that all humans were born with certain natural rights. These rights include the right to life itself, liberty, and the ownership of property.
2. ownership of property
Which is an example of a person being deprived of their right to due process under the rule of law?
3. being detained without being made aware of their rights
What Amendment:
Right to an attorney, jury, and to confront witnesses
Sixth Amendment
Political system in which elected leaders exercise power and work in the interests of the people
representative government
This is an excerpt from a book Benjamin Franklin wrote in 1736.
“God helps them that help themselves." Poor Richard’s Almanac, Benjamin Franklin
Based on the quote, what quality of the American republic was influenced by the values of Christian Puritans who helped settle the 13 colonies?
1. personal responsibility
Below is an excerpt from the Magna Carta, written in 1215. C.E.
“No freemen shall be taken or imprisoned…or exiled or in any way destroyed…except by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land.” —Section 39
The quote directly relates to which guiding principle found in the U.S. Constitution?
1.due process of law
This is a real-life scenario relating to rule of law.
A man is arrested, sent to jail, told he is guilty of arson, and sentenced to years in prison. There is no trial.
What protection provided by rule of law was not followed in this scenario?
1. due process
The U.S. Constitution, passed in 1920, gave women the right to vote. It ensured that no one could be denied the right to vote based on gender.
19th Amendment
An agreement in which people give power to a government in exchange for protections
Social contract
Judaism and Christianity both encouraged people and governments to adhere to the “Laws of God” which consisted of ideas about law and order.
What concept did the “Laws of God” most influence in the founding of the United States?
3. natural law
The excerpt below is from the Declaration of Independence.
Governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed—that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government .
Which Enlightenment concept does the excerpt describe?
4. social contract
This is a situation that might occur in a totalitarian state:
A man is walking down the street. Two uniformed police officers suddenly stop him and tell him he is under arrest. They take him to a small prison cell and refuse to let him make any phone calls. They don’t answer when he asks why he is being detained. After a month with very little to eat, he is brought into a room for questioning.
What principle of a constitutional government is absent in this country, as described in this example?
2. individual rights
Consider the following amendments and their rights and protections:
Fourth Amendment - Protects against illegal searches and seizures
Fifth Amendment - Protects against improper indictment, double jeopardy, self-incrimination, and eminent domain.
Sixth Amendment - Right to an attorney, jury, and to confront witnesses
Seventh Amendment - Right to a jury in civil trial
Eighth Amendment - Protects against cruel and unusual punishments and fines
Which concept of rights do the Fourth through Eighth Amendments collectively cover?
4. Rights of the accused
The Fourth through Eighth Amendments primarily deal with protections and rights for individuals who are accused of crimes, including protections against unreasonable searches, self-incrimination, the right to a fair trial, and protection from cruel punishments.
The idea that government powers should be split between two or more strongly independent branches to prevent any one person or group from gaining too much power
separation of powers
Below is a summary of Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s book, The Social Contract.
In The Social Contract, Rousseau expanded on the concept of a social contract. He proposed that a government formed by a social contract must be based on popular sovereignty or the general will of the people.
The Social Contract’s “popular sovereignty” concept is best reflected in what U.S. document?
3. The Constitution
What was the rationale behind the concept of separate but equal branches of government?
4. to create a balance of power in government where no one branch could abuse the system or citizens
Which type of government was pioneered in ancient Athens and involves citizens voting on every issue?
2. direct democracy
The excerpt below is from the Fourth Amendment of the Constitution.
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
Which situation below best shows an infringement upon the Fourth Amendment?
2. A person’s house is searched when police find a suspicious box in the neighborhood.
its a violation of the Fourth Amendment because it involves a search of a person's house without the requirement of probable cause or a warrant, which the amendment specifically protects against.