Causes of the Russian Revolution
In the early 1900s, ____ ruled a vast empire as absolute monarchs.
Tsars
On 23 February 1917, there was a big ______ in Petrograd (present-day St. Petersburg), followed by a general ____.
demonstration; strike.
True or false: Most soviets did not support the Bolsheviks.
False - most soviets supported the Bolsheviks (Lenin was the leader).
Who made up the White Army?
Those who supported the return of tsarism (landowners, army officers and privileged groups)...with help from British, French, Japanese and American soldiers.
_______ was the main economic activity during Feudalism, and land was controlled by the powerful aristocracy.
Agriculture
What two things did the provisional government (after the abdication of the tsar) promise?
The provisional government promised that it would hold elections and make Russia a parliamentary democracy.
What are two things Lenin proposed?
-sign a peace treaty with Germany
-distribute land among peasants
-give workers control of the factories
-nationalise banks
-recognise the nationalities of the Russian Empire
Who led the Red Army in 1918?
Trotsky and the Bolsheviks.
Who were the industrial proletariat and where did they mostly work?
The industrial proletariat was formed when industrialisation began in Moscow, St. Petersburg and the Urals. They were the lower class workers in factories.
Russia decided to remain committed to their allies in the war. How did this affect the Russian population?
It made the improvement of living conditions very difficult among the Russian population.
Who were the Red Guards?
The Bolshevik's armed militia
How long was the Civil War in Russia?
Three years
The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
Who demanded the dismissal of the provisional government? What else did they want?
The soviets; they wanted to withdraw from the war.
When and where did the Red Guards attack to overthrow the provisional government?
When - 25 October 1917
Where - Winter Palace in Petrograd (current-day St. Petersburg)
Name one result of the Civil War?
-food shortages
-high number of casualties
-the hardening of the Soviet regime
Why did Tsar Nicholas II become very unpopular among workers, peasants and soldiers?
Russia's economic resources were devoted to the war efforts, which led to famine appearing in cities and food shortages.
True or false: the provisional government started a series of political and social reforms.
True
Why did Lenin dissolve the Constituent Assembly?
The Bolsheviks only had 25% of the seats in the assembly. Lenin feared that groups opposed to the revolution might take control.
Who won the Russian Civil War and in what year?
The Red Army (soviets) in 1921.