ONE
What does gravity do?
It pulls objects toward Earth.
What is one main idea of the passage?
The passage repeatedly explains how gravity, friction, and mass affect motion.
Why does the author include the example of the empty shopping cart and the full shopping cart?
To show that objects with more mass can be harder to move
Provide a short summary of the passage.
Motion is affected by forces and properties such as gravity, friction, and mass, which can be tested through investigations.
The passage says, “In many investigations, it is important to change only one factor at a time.” Why is this important?
It helps scientists know which factor caused the change.
Explain how friction stops an objects motion.
It works against motion, meaning it tries to slow objects down or stop them.
A toy car rolling farther on tile than on carpet explains what main idea from the passage?
The toy car example supports the idea that surface friction changes how far an object moves.
Based on the passage, what would most likely happen if a toy car were rolled across grass instead of tile?
It would stop sooner because grass creates more friction.
How are gravity and friction different?
Gravity pulls objects toward Earth, while friction works against motion.
Give two details from the passage best support the idea that friction can be both helpful and harmful?
Friction helps people walk without slipping; too much friction can make objects harder to move.
How does the section about investigations help develop the passage?
It shows how students can test ideas about motion using evidence.
A student wants to test how surface type affects the distance a toy car travels. How would they test this idea?
Roll the same toy car across tile, carpet, and grass, then measure how far it travels.
How does the author connect science concepts to everyday life?
Roll the same toy car across tile, carpet, and grass, then measure how far it travels.
How does the author organize the passage?
By explaining causes of motion and giving examples of each factor
Give an example of a cause and effect relationship from the passage.
Rough surfaces create more friction which causes objects stop sooner.