Copernicus
True or false: Copernicus published and shared his Heliocentric Theory with everyone as soon as he developed the theory.
False. Copernicus didn't publish his book explaining the Heliocentric Theory until he was 68.
True or false: Galileo was sentenced to death after being found guilty of "suspicion of heresy".
False. He was sentenced to house arrest for the remainder of his life.
How do most people refer to Newton's masterpiece book, Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy? What do they call it?
Hint: the title comes from the latin word for 'principles'.
Principia
*DAILY QUADRUPLE*
Who discovered that all objects fall at the same rate of speed?
Galileo!
This is a 10% "tax" that catholics paid to the Church.
Tithe or tithing
Why did everyone (including the Catholic Church) before Copernicus believe that the Earth was the center of the solar system AND who was the first person credited with developing the Geocentric Theory?
DOUBLE POINTS!
If you can give BOTH correct answers.
Firstly, people believed in the Geocentric Model because of passages written in the Bible that seem to indicate that the Earth is the center of the solar system. Secondly, Ptolemy was the person who was credited with developing the Geocentric Model.
Galileo was known for inventing this device, that was an improvement on the original, which he used to see into space. BE SPECIFIC!
The refracting telescope.
True or false: It was later discovered by historians that Newton actually stole his idea for calculus from a german mathematician named Gottfried Leibniz
False! Both Newton and Leibniz were formulating the notion of calculus at the same time without even knowing each other!
*DAILY TRIPLE*
What is the most important feature of the scientific method?
A. Hypothesis
B. Experiment
C. Redo
C. Redo
Bacon thought of our world as
a) something to be enjoyed
b) a problem to be solved
b) a problem to be solved
How did Newton's Universal Law of Gravity lead to the Heliocentric Theory becoming widely accepted?
Newton's Law of Gravity explained why all other planets would orbit the Sun due to it having much higher mass than all of the other planets. Additionally, gravity also explains why much smaller moons would orbit their home planets instead of the sun, due to how massive the planets are relative to their moons and how close the moons are to their home planets relative to the sun.
True or false: No one in Europe was able to read Galileo's book for hundreds of years until the Church removed the ban on it.
False! The Church had a strong grip in many parts of Europe, but not everywhere. Galileo lived in Italy where the Catholic Inquisition had complete control, but his book was actually published in France a year after Galileo was found guilty of suspicion of heresy.
Newton observing apples fall from a tree to the ground at his family's farm led him to discover what?
The three Laws of Motion. This then led Newton to question what forces caused the planets to move in an elliptical orbit which led to his discovery of gravity.
True or false: Isaac Newton and George Washington lived at the same time.
False! Newton died 8 years before George Washington was born.
*DAILY DOUBLE*
What did Newton need to invent/discover in order to prove that the orbits of planets traveling around the sun are elliptical rather than circular.
Calculus!
Explain in complete detail how the Catholic Church responded to Copernicus publishing his book On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres where he explains his Heliocentric Theory.
The Church initially didn't do anything about his book for 70 years after it was first published. Then, the Church suspended the book until it could be corrected. Additionally, the Church prohibited any work that defended the idea that the Earth moves.
Explain in detail why Galileo seeing the four largest moons of Jupiter refutes or disproves the Geocentric Theory.
The Geocentric Theory states that Earth is the center of the solar system and all bodies (moons, planets, and bodies) revolve around the earth. Galileo noticed that the four moons of Jupiter were not revolving around the earth, but instead revolving around Jupiter.
Which of Newton's three Laws of Motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction?
Newton's third Law of Motion.
What does empiricism mean?
Empiricism is the idea that knowledge comes from experience.
Francis Bacon was interested in studying and observing the natural world and is responsible for popularizing what in his pursuit to discover natural truths?
The Scientific Method
According to Copernicus, are the orbits of moons and planets circular or elliptical?
Circular. It was Johannes Kepler who discovered that the orbits are actually elliptical.
Explain why Galileo's book, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, ended up getting Galileo put on trial for heresy despite the fact that he was given permission from the pope to write it.
Galileo was allowed by the pope to write his book with the condition that he not take a position arguing for the Heliocentric Theory, however, after his book was published, The Grand Duke of Tuscany, Ferdinand felt that in the book Galileo was in fact arguing for the Heliocentric Model. This then led to Galileo being charged with heresy.
Additionally, the pope felt like Galileo was mocking him in his book because the character Simplicio seemed like a fool to the pope and used some of the same words that the pope used when discussing the Geocentric Model.
This is the name of the gravitational force that keeps planets and moons from flying off into space in a straight line.
Centripetal force.
What part of the pig does most of bacon that Americans eat come from?
Pig belly.
What university did both Copernicus and Galileo attend at some point in their lives?
The University of Padua