Life As We Know It
Translates from it's root words to literally mean, "the study of life".
What is Biology?
What is lower (more simple) on 'Life's Organizational Hierarchy Scale'... The human Endocrine System or a Herd of Elephants?
The Endocrine System is lower than a Herd of Elephants
*BONUS 100 if you can give the names of the organizational levels these examples belong to*
The 'organizational level' where EVOLUTION occurs
What are Populations?
Billions of years ago, life originated from a ______ _______.
What is a Common Ancestor?
Life attempts to maintain consistent internal conditions
What is Homeostasis?
"The smallest units that are classified as living"
What is a Cell?
"senses changes and responds by returning conditions to normal"
Process that helps maintain consistent internal conditions (aka Homeostasis)
What is a Feedback Mechanism?
*BONUS 100 if you can give an ex:*
List one type of organism that reproduces ASEXUALLY.
Bacteria
*refer to Google for other answers*
List the 3 Domains
*BONUS 100 for every characteristic you can give for each Domain*
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
*Know who are prok.'s and who are euk.'s!*
Describe the difference between AUTOTROPHS vs. HETEROTROPHS
Autotroph = "self-feeders"
Heterotroph = "other-feeders"
Give 2 of 3 Major Branches of Biology.
*BONUS 100: If you can give a Minor Discipline of Biology*
What are Botany, Zoology, and Microbiology?
*taxonomy, cell biology, genetics, evolution, ecology, molecular biology, immunology, physiology*
*practice thinking what words imply!*
"Function of the organized structure exceeds the sum of the components"
-Arises from increased levels of 'organization'
What are Emergent Properties?
*The whole is greater than the sum of its parts*
Which 'taxon' is more inclusive?
The Phylum Chordata or the Order Primates
Phylums are more inclusive than Orders
*Dumb Kids Playing Checkers On Freeways Get Smushed*
-make YOUR flashcards like this!!!
A Hypothesis must be: (2 things)
1. Testable
2. Falsifiable *BONUS 100 if you give an ex:*
The systematic study of the world through direct observation and experimentation
What is Science?
(In order from smallest to biggest) Provide 9 of 12 from "Life's Organizational Hierarchy"
Atom, (Bio)Molecule, Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere
Des. the differences between Microevolution vs. Macroevolution
*must make at least 3 key points*
Microevolution = short timespans / mutations / natural selection occurs at this lvl (nature of evolution depends on the environ.) / "good" traits may become common in a population.
Macroevolution = over LONG periods of time, microevolution in populations results in ENTIRELY NEW LIFE FORMS
Give preferred scientific experiment conditions for all 3 scenarios:
1. single or double-blind study
2. small or large sample size
3. confirmation bias, expectation effect, or none
*ALL 3 MUST BE ANSWERED CORRECTLY FOR POINTS*
1. double-blind study
2. larger sample sizes
3. No biases (obvi.)
Briefly des. the diff. between Independent, Dependent, and Standardized Variables.
Independent Variables - the thing you purposefully change in an experiment.
Dependent Variables - the thing you measure in an exp. *the experiment depends on these results*
Standardized Variables - conditions held constant
"The branch of biology that names and organizes organisms into groups based on shared traits"
What is Taxonomy?
Give all 5 characteristics used to define LIFE
1. Organization
2. Uses Energy
3. Reproduction, Growth, & Development
4. Homeostasis
5. Evolution *OGRE HED*
Give the 6 steps of the Scientific Method
1. Observe
2. Ask questions about observations
3. Develop a hypothesis and make predictions
4. Experiment! (with data collection obvi.)
5. Analyze Data! (obvi.)
6. Conclude if you were right or not! (does data support or reject hypothesis)
Give the IV, DV, and one SV in the 'rotavirus vaccine' example *partial points accepted*
*BONUS 100 if you can des. a Placebo Group*
IV- Dose of vaccine (if at all)
DV- # of children who still contract rotavirus
SV- age and health of children in study
Give all 8 'taxa' in order from most general to most specific
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
"branch of biology concerned with understanding the specific evolutionary history of organisms from a common ancestor"
What is Phylogenetics? *similar definition warning*
*BONUS 100: In a phylogenetic tree, what represents the more modern species, the Roots or the Tips?*