Voltaire and Cesare Beccaria
What is the 8th amendment?
Citizens are protected from excessive fines and cruel and unusual punishments.
How many court systems are there in the Judicial Branch and what are they?
3, district courts, court of appeals, and the Supreme Court
What is the definition of Judicial review?
The ability of the US Supreme Court to decide if an act by the legislative or executive branch is Constitutional or not
How many branches of government does the US have?
3
What freedom was influenced by Voltaire during the Enlightenment?
The Freedom of Speech
What percentage of cases make it to the Court of Appeals from the District Courts?
10%
What does constitutional and unconstitutional mean?
Constitutional - written in the constitution
Unconstitutional - not written in the constitution
What does the separation of powers mean?
During the Scientific Revolution, who was the first scientist to discover the heliocentric theory?
Nicolaus Copernicus
Cesare Beccaria thought that punishments should be ________ with the crime
consistent
13 total, Arizona belongs to the 9th.
What was the court case that established judicial review?
Marbury V Madison
What are checks and balances?
Powers given to each branch to prevent one from becoming too powerful
Which continent is the biggest?
Asia
What limitations are there on the freedom of speech?
spreading or publishing lies that hurt someone’s reputation
•speech that creates a danger or is a serious threat of violence
•speech that encourages instant lawless action such as a riot
•making obscene materials any form of blackmail.
Or private companies denying you your freedom of speech.
What percentage of cases make it to the Supreme Court?
Less than 1%
What was the decision and establishment of the court case that established judicial review?
They said that the Act by the legislative branch was unconstitutional because it gave too much power to the Supreme Court, establishing judicial review.
What are the three branches of government and what are their roles?
Executive - Enforce the law
Legislative - make/write the laws
Judicial Branch - Interpret the laws
What is an oligarchy?
A form of government ruled by a few, powerful people.
What was Voltaire's famous quote?
I may not agree with what you say, but I will die for your right to say it.
Where is the Supreme Court located?
Washington D.C.
What was the Act by the legislative branch in 1789 that was determined unconstitutional?
The Judiciary Act of 1789
Who was the Enlightenment thinker to come up with the Separation of Powers and checks and balances?
Baron De Montesquieu
What does monotheistic, polytheistic, and non-theistic mean?
monotheistic - believes in one god
polytheistic - believes in many gods
non-theistic - believes in no gods