The Trouble with Wilderness
Where Cronon (1996) mentions we should seek and appreciate natural beauty
What is everywhere?
A small city on the Wisconsin-Michigan border that serves as an example for how "nothing in nature is more constant than change" (pg. 372)
What is Iron Mountain
The colloquially used term for the unique jaw curve that is used to identify Native American salmon species.
What is "hook-nosed"?
The former Professor at Washington State University, UW-Madison, and UC-Santa Barbara
Who is William Freudenburg?
The shift in perception of humans view/opinion of wilderness
What is negative to positive
A conceptual separation between the natural world and human society, with distinct boundaries and independence between the environment and society, which influences environmental perceptions and policies
What is the nature/society divide?
The meaning of the Greek word "phuysis" which is where the western word for nature comes from.
What is everything?
The profession of William Cronon
What is an environmental historian?
The tendency to view wilderness as a place outside of humans influence throughout time, and instead a place where nature exists in its pure form
What is “escape from history”?
A way of understanding the relationship between the environment and society that emphasizes the mutual contingency between the physical and the social - physical facts are shaped by social construction and social fact is shaped by physical realities
What is conjoint constitution?
The “inductive theory rooted in data” that Scarce used when analyzing salmon meanings
What is grounded theory?
The president of the American Historical Association in 2012
Who is William Cronon?
The person cited as having a black and white view of agricultural use and thinks we must return to hunter-gatherer ways
Who is Dave Foreman?
The relationship between the physical and social according to the concepts: analytical separation, analytical primacy, and balanced dualism
What is separate and distinct?
The dominant approach in the social construction of science and technology (SCOST) that stems from an “idealist philosophical belief that “reality” is a mental construct"
What is strict constructivism/strong program?
The sociology professors at Brown University, UL-Lafayette, and Skidmore College
Three examples of Cronon's criticisms about wilderness ideology
What is paradox of human existence and wilderness, black and white thinking about change, elitism, separation of humans and nature, lack of holistic thinking, environmental conservation trade offs etc.
The five phases of changing definitions of natural resources that have led to differences in social outcomes
What are hunting grounds and living space, physical feature and source of timber, source of iron ore, iron ore bust, and tourist attraction
The author who argues that when we imbue something with meaning it is “no longer the being as simply experienced”
Who is Don Ihde?
Where Rik Scarce currently lives
What is Averill Park, NY?
*What is New York? is also acceptable*