Carlos I
What dynasty did Charles I belong to?
Habsburg or Austrias dynasty
What city became the capital of Spain under Philip II?
Madrid
What tax required that 20% of precious metals went to the Spanish Crown?
The Royal Fifth (Quinto Real).
What were the powerful advisors who governed instead of the king called?
Validos
Why was the Spanish Empire considered the most powerful empire during Philip II's reign? (El Imperio donde nunca se pone el sol)
Because it controlled large territories in Europe, America, and Asia.
What religious movement started during the reign of Charles I and divided Christianity in Europe?
The Protestant Reformation.
What naval battle in 1571 stopped the expansion of the Ottoman Empire in the Mediterranean?
The Battle of Lepanto.
What institution in Seville controlled trade between Spain and the Americas?
The Casa de Contratación.
Name the three kings known as the Austrias Menores
Felipe III, Felipe IV and Carlos II
What were the main consequences of the conquest for indigenous populations?
Population decline, loss of land, and cultural changes.
What two revolts happened in Spain at the beginning of Charles I's reign?
The Revolt of the Comuneros and the Revolt of the Germanías.
What important country and colonies did Philip II rule after the death of his king?
Portugal
What American empire was conquered by Hernán Cortés?
The Aztec Empire.
What happened when Charles II died in 1700 without heirs?
The War of the Spanish Succession began.
What Italian territory was especially disputed between Charles I and France?
Milan
Which territories were inherited by Charles I?
Coronas de Castilla y Aragón (con América, Nápoles, Sicilia, Cerdeña y Navarra), los Países Bajos, el Franco Condado, los territorios austríacos
What fleet did Philip II send to invade England in 1588?
The Spanish Armada (or the Invincible Armada).
Why were the Spanish able to conquer the American empires relatively quickly?
Because of superior weapons, alliances with local enemies, and diseases.
What title did Charles I receive in 1519 that made him ruler of many German territories?
Holy Roman Emperor.
Why did many Spaniards initially distrust Charles I?
Because he was born in Flanders and surrounded himself with foreign advisors.
What battle in 1525 was a major victory for Charles I against France?
The Battle of Pavia.
Why did the Netherlands revolt against Philip II?
Because of religious persecution and high taxes.
What two systems forced indigenous people to work for Spanish colonists?
The Encomienda and mita systems
What famous palace-monastery did Philip II build near Madrid?
El Escorial.
What group of Muslim converts revolted in southern Spain in 1568?
The Moriscos.