Charles V
Why was Carlos V rejected by Castilian nobility?
He was born in the Flemish city of Ghent and didn´t speak Spanish. They thought they might lose their power and their riches would be divided
Which territories did Phillip II inherit?
Castilla, Americas, Aragon, Italian territories, Low Countries, Kingdom of Portugal
What were the Habsburg dynasty objectives?
Maintain political patrimony through wars
Defend Catholicism
What was Martin Luther charged with by the Catholic church?
Excommunication and charged with heresy
Who was Martin Luther and why is he important?
A priest and theologian that wrote the 95 Theses that criticized the Catholic Church
The ruler before Charles V was...
Ferdinand of Aragón
True or False: Charles V helped the Crown increase its economic gains
False. He left it in financial ruin and his son, Phillip II hda to declare the crown bankrupt
What happened in France after the Peace of Augsburg was signed?
There were many wars between Catholics and Protestants
St. Bartholomew´s Day: massacre of Protestants
What were indulgences?
A guarantee entry into heaven
What were the 3 wars Charles V was involved in?
Against the Ottoman Empire- They conquered Tunisia but not Algiers.
Against German Protestant princes- Peace of Augsburg
How did Phillip II continue to fund the military even when the Crown was bankrupt?
Discovery of new gold and silver mines in the Americas and increase in taxes
What is the expulsion of the Moriscos?
Philip III's domestic policy change that occurred in 1609
What happened to the Pope and emperor´s power in Europe?
Became less influential. Protestant kings and nobility took over churches and possessions
What were the causes of the Reformation?
Lack of training from the church, irresponsible spending of church funds, selling positions in the clergy, selling indulgences
Which territories did Charles V inherit from the Catholic monarchs?
The crowns of Castile and Aragón and territories in America, Italy, the Mediterranean, and Africa
What was the Spanish Armada?
A powerful fleet of army ships whos objective was to transport troops to invade England
Why was it necessary for the ships that traded with the Americas to sail in groups?
To protect them from pirate ships
How was the Counter-Reformation different from the Protestant Reformation?
A religious, intellectual, and political movement led by the Catholic church against the Protestants
What was the religion named after Martin Luther?
Lutheranism
What is the Revolt of the Comuneros?
Result of not speaking Spanish, bringing Flemish noblemen for government positions, and spending Castilian money/taxes on becoming the Holy Roman Emperor
Identify and explain FOUR problems or conflicts in Philip II's reign that costed a lot of money
1) war with France, 2) confrontation with the Turks, 3) revolt in the Low Countries, and 4) confrontation with England
How did the arrival of precious metals affect the Spanish monarchy?
Finance wars, made the nobility richer and the poor even more poor, craft industry grew, increased taxes, and their economy continued to be based on agriculture
Summarize the intentions made in the Council of Trent
Clarification and recognizing of Catholic teachings from before
Reform to solve internal corruption
Repression of Protestantism through the Inquisition
What was the Act of Supremacy passed in England?