Thalamus
What divides the thalamus?
internal medullary lamina
Components of metathalamus
medial and lateral geniculate bodies
Main structure in epithalamus?
Pineal Gland
Separated from the thalamus by what ?
SMall nuclues called zona incerta
Give some functions of the hypothalamus
Regulate ANS, endocrine system and limbic system
What are the locations on the 3 ventral nuclei?
Ventral posterior, posterolaeral and posteromedial
Bilateral lesion on the medial geniculate body causes what?
complete deafness
Describe the stalk of the pineal gland
Splits into two, Superior and inferior, superior continuous with habenular commisure and the inferior continuous with posterior commissure.
Describe anatomic location of subthalamus
beneath the thalamus, medial to internal capsule and dorsolateral to the hypothalamus
WHat are the names of the lateral nuclei?
Lateral nuclei
Give the subdivisions of the dorsal tier of the lateral part of the thalamus
Lateral dorsal, posterior and pulvinar
What is the habenular commissure made up of and what is the posterior commissure made up of
Habenular- bundle of white fibers connecting habenular nuclei present in habenular triangle
Post- compound commissure connecting superior colliculi, pretectal nuclei, medial longitudinal fasiculi, interstitial nuclei and post thalamic nuclei on both sides
Give two efferent connections of subthalamus
striatum in telencephalon
Globus pallidus as subthalamic fasiculus
Dorsal thalamus in diencephalon
red nucleus and substantia nigra in mesencephalon
What are the names of the medial nuclei ?
preoptic, supraoptic, paraventricular, anterior
arcuate, ventromedial, dorsomedial
Mammillary
Give the afferents of the ventral posterior medial nucleus
Medial Lemniscus
Spinal Lemniscus
Unilateral lesion on lateral geniculate body results in what ?
blindness in Opposite half of the field of vision
Describe the anatomic location of the pineal gland
below splenium of corpus callosum
What are the afferent connections of the subthalamus?
substantia nigra and striatum
Name the nuclei in the tuberal region, the hormones they secrete and theirs functions
Arcuate- hypothalamic releasing factors, regulates the release of other hormones from hypothalamus and pituitary
Ventromedial-TRH and NH, satiety centers and regulates sodium levels
Dorsomedial- TRH and NH, stimulation causes obesity
Oxytocin- contraction of uterus during child birth
What hormone does the preoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus secrete ?
Gonadotrophic releasing hormone
Nerve supply to the pineal gland
Superior cervical ganglion known as he nervusconarii
Efferents of hypothalamus
Mammillothalamic tract
Hypothalamospinal tract
3 afferent connections of hypothalamus
Stria terminalis
fornix
medial forebrain bundle