Charles Darwin
What did Charles Darwin make a theory about?
Theory of Evolution
The remains or traces of ancient living organisms
Fossils
The religious belief that nature, and aspects such as the universe, Earth, life, and humans, began with supernatural acts of divine creation
Creationism
A group of organisms that can reproduce with one another in nature and produce fertile offspring
Name an animal Charles Darwin observed
Finches, giant sloths, tortoises, iguanas...
What are two examples of how something can be fossilized?
Preserved in ice or amber; Bone turn to rock
Developed the idea of the catastrophe theory
George Cuvier
The process that leads to the birth of a new species
Speciation
Chain of islands in Pacific where Darwin made many observations
Galapagos Islands
Scientist who finds and studies fossils:
Paleontologist
Explain how catastrophe theory works
Catastrophes would hit Earth overtime, that would cause extinctions to species and create new ones overtime
Random errors in DNA duplication that could potentially create new species
Mutations
Darwin said that evolution occurred through the process of:
Natural Selection
The comparison of body structures of different species
Comparative Anatomy
Created the theory that the use of an organ causes greater development while non-use causes its weakening disappearance
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
The presence of differences in sequences of genes between individual organisms of a species
Variability
What was the importance of the study of finches during Darwin's voyage?
Beaks were selected for over generations until they all branched out to make new species
Give an example of comparative anatomy
Ex) Embryo has gills like a fish
The issue with Lamarck's theory of evolution
Characters acquired by use or disuse do not change the genetic makeup of the organism
Separation of populations belonging to the same species
Geographic Isolation